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Spanish Wine Scholar

Wine Scholar Guild "Spanish Wine Scholar" program.


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Robert Quinn


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DO Rias Baixas: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils, sub-zones
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99% blanco (Albarino); maritime; shallow sandy soils; 5 sub-zones: Val do Salnes, Condado do Tea, O Rosal, Soutomaior, Ribeira do Ulla

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DO Rias Baixas: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils, sub-zones
99% blanco (Albarino); maritime; shallow sandy soils; 5 sub-zones: Val do Salnes, Condado do Tea, O Rosal, Soutomaior, Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnes: Generally, secondary grapes
Subzone of Rias Baixas: 50% of production, coolest subzone, Loureira, Treixadura & Carino Blanco secondary grapes
Condado do Tea: Generally, secondary grape
Subzone of Rias Baixas: most inland, most mountainous, second largest, Treixadura second grape
O Rosal: Generally, secondary grape
Subzone of Rias Baixas: on right bank of Mino River, vineyards on terraces facing river, Loureira second grape
Soutomaior: Generally, secondary grape
Subzone of Rias Baixas: smallest subzone, only Albarino
Ribeira do Ulla: Generally, secondary grapes
Subzone of Rias Baixas: northernmost sub-zone, best reds (Mencia), Loureira, Treixadura & Carino Blanco secondary grapes
DO Ribeira Sacra: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
94% tinto (Mencia); maritime; slate and granite soils; 5 sub-zones, Ribeira Sacra Summum special designation
Ribeira Sacra Summum
Special DO Ribeira Sacra designation: tintos from minimum 85% preferred varieties, minimum 60% Mencia; blancos 100% preferred, i.e., Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura, Godello, Dona Branca, Torrontes
DO Ribeiro: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
90% blanco (Treixadura); maritime; granite (70%), schist (20%), sedimentary (10%); oldest in Galicia, colleiteiro
What is a Colleiteiro?
Unique to DO Ribiero: boutique winery wth no more than 60,000 l annual production, owners manage entire production cycle
DO Valdeorras: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
55% blanco (Godello), 45% tinto (Mencia); maritime w/continental; shallow slate topsoil atop quartzite and schist bedrock, 8 sub-zones
DO Valdeorras labeling requirements
"Godello" must be 100% Godello; espumosos at least 85% Godello; "Mencia" at least 85% Mencia; Valdeorras Castas Nobles (85% preferred)
Valdeorras Castas Nobles
DO Valdeorras special designation: wine must be at least 85% preferred varieties, the most important of which are Godello and Mencia
DO Arabako Txakolina/Txakoli de Alava/Chacolli de Alava: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
94% blanco (Hondarribi Zuri), 6% espumoso; maritime; limestone with stone and clay; wines riper, richer, fuller bodied than other Pais Vasco DOs
DO Bizaiko Txakolina/Txakoli de Bizkaia/Chacoli de Bizkaia: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
99% blanco (Hondarribi Zuri); maritime; clay-loam, limestone and marl; wines light and easy drinking, high in acid
DO Getariako Txakolina/Txakoli de Getaria/Chacolli de Getaria: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
93% blanco (Hondarribi Zuri), 6% rosado (Hondarribi Beltza); maritime; sandy topsoil with alluvial clay subsoil; wines light, easy drinking, acidic
1A
Ribeira do Ulla, subzone of Rias Baixas
DO Rias Baixas White Wine Designation: Rias Baixas Condado do Tea
At least 70% Albarino and balance Treixadura (note that Condado do Tea is adjacent to DO Ribeiro, which uses Treixadura as its primary grape)
DO Rias Baixas White Wine Designation: Rias Baixas Rosal
At least 70% Albarino and balance Loureira
DO Rias Baixas White Wine Designation: Rias Baixas Salnes
At least 70% Albarino, balance Treixadura, Loureira & Caino Blanco
DO Rias Baixas White Wine Designation: Rias Baixas Ribeira do Ulla
At least 70% Albarino, balance Treixadura, Loureira & Caino Blanco
DO Bierzo: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
83% tinto (Mencia), 12% blanco (Godello); continental with significant maritime; granite, limestone, quartzite, slate
DO Cigales: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
64% rosado & 34% tinto (Tinta del Pais/Tempranillo), 2% blanco (Verdejo); continental; sand and limestone topsoil atop clay and loam; one of Spain's largest producers of rosados
What are Majuelos?
Family owned and farmed plots within village who sell grapes to producers in DO Cigales
DO Ribera del Duero: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
99% tinto (Tinto Fino/Tinta del Pais/Tempranillo); continental; 32 soils, primarily sandy limestone and clay; one of highest average elevations
DO Ribera del Duero - Crianza
12 months in barrel, 24 months before release
DO Ribera del Duero - Reserva
12 months in barrel, 36 months before release
DO Ribera del Duero - Gran Reserva
24 months in barrel, 60 months before release
DO Rueda: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
99% blanco (Verdejo); continental; gravel and stone, sandy limestone and limestone; approx. 40% of Spain's white wine production
"Rueda" white wine
≥ 50% Verdejo
"Rueda Sauvignon" white wine
≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc
"Rueda Espumoso"
≥ 50% Verdejo (Seco/Semi-seco), ≥ 85% Verdejo (Brut/Brut Nature)
"Rueda Dorado"
Oxidatively aged using only Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc, Palomino Fino and/or Viura
DO Toro: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
93% tinto (Tinta de Toro/Tempranillo); continental; sand and clay with limestone; typically Tempranillo, sometimes Garnacha Tinta added to blend
Rioja Alavesa: Location, climate, soil, dominant grape
North of Ebro River; continental with maritime influence; calcareous clay; 21% of DOCa Rioja vineyards, Tempranillo
Rioja Alta: Location, climate, soil, dominant grape
South of Ebro River; continental with maritime influence; calcareous clay, ferrous clay, alluvium; 42% of DOCa Rioja vineyards, Tempranillo
Rioja Oriental: Location, climate, soil, dominant grape
Mostly south of Ebro River; continental with Mediterranean influence; ferrous clay, alluvium; 37% of DOCa Rioja vineyards, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano
DOCa Rioja: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
90% tinto; continental; calcareous clay, ferrous clay and alluviums; typical tinto blend 60%-80% Tempranillo, 20% Garnacha Tinta, balance Mazuelo (Carinena) and Graciano
DOCa Rioja - Generico (tinto)
No minimum times in barrel, bottle or before release
DOCa Rioja - Joven (tinto)
Minimums: 12 months in barrel, no minimum in bottle, "minimum two calendar years from October 1 of the harvest year"
DOCa Rioja - Reserva (tinto)
Minimums: 12 months in barrel, 6 months in bottle, 36 months before release
DOCa Rioja - Gran Reserva (tinto)
Minimums: 24 months in barrel, 24 months in bottle, 60 months before release
DOCa Rioja - Generico (blanco)
No minimum times in barrel, bottle or before release
DOCa Rioja - Joven (blanco)
Minimums: 6 months in barrel, no minimum in bottle, "minimum two calendar years from October 1 of the harvest year"
DOCa Rioja - Reserva (blanco)
Minimums: 6 months in barrel, no minimum in bottle, 24 months before release
DOCa Rioja - Gran Reserva (blanco)
Minimums: 6 months in barrel, no minimum in bottle, 48 months before release
Requirements of Vinedos Singulares
DOCa Rioja: if grapes purchased, 10-year K, vines at least 35 years old, yields 20% less than standard, hand harvesting, transparency, quality assessment
Requirements of a Vino de Municipio
DOCa Rioja: winery located in municipio, up to 15% of grapes may be from neighboring village (10 year K), production figures transparent
Requirements of a Vinos de Zone
DOCa Rioja: winery located in zone, up to 15% of grapes may be from neighboring zone (10 year K), production figures transparent
Requirements of Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja
DOCa Rioja: between 11%-13% abv, metodo tradicional, 15-month sur lie aging, (24 mo for Reserva, 36 mo for Gran Reserva, which must be vintage), Brut Nature, Extra Brut, Brut only
What are Cosechos?
DOCa Rioja: grape growers who produce young red wine using method similar to carbonic maceration
DO Navarra: Styles, climate, soils
63% tinto, 25% rosado, 11% blanco; continental with maritime influences; mostly marl, loam and sand, some limestone in south, clay along river
DO Navarra: Tierra Estella sub-zone: Generally, soils, dominant grapes
Westernmost; hilly and highest; clay, marl, loam, gravel and sand; Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay
DO Navarra: Valdizarbe sub-zone: Generally, soils, dominant grapes
North-central; most humid; marl, loam, alluvium; Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Malvasia Riojana
DO Navarra: Baja Montana sub-zone: Generally, soils, dominant grapes
Foothills of Pirineos; marl, loam, sand, limestone, gravel; vinos rosados of intense color; Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta
DO Navarra: Ribera Alta sub-zone: Generally, soils, dominant grapes
Center of Navarra; vineyards on high terraces in loamy clay, marl, sand, limestone; Tempranillo, Graciano, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Grano Menudo
DO Navarra: Ribera Baja sub-zone: Generally, soils, dominant grapes
Southernmost; warmest; loam, limestone, marl, sand; Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Viura, Moscatel de Grano Menudo
DO Calatayud: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
91% tinto (Garnacha Tinta); continental; gray and red slate, clay, sand; high elevation; tintos generally varietal Garnacha
What are "Vinas Viejas"?
DO Calatayud: vines must be at least 35 years old, maximum yield of 4,500 kg/ha
What is "Calatayud Superior"?
DO Calatayud: minimum 85% Garnacha from vines at least 50 years old, maxiumum yield of 3,500 kg/ha
DO Campo de Borja: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
82% tinto (Garnacha Tinta), 10% rosado, 8% blanco; continental, w/Cierzo wind; brownish-grey limestone, clay; old vines and cooperatives
What is the Cierzo?
Cold northwestern wind affecting Aragon
DO Carinena: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
89% tinto (Garnacha Tinta), 8% blanco; continental, w/Cierzo wind; reddish-brown limestone, slate, clay; old vine Garnacha and Tempranillo
What is "Anejo"?
DO Carninena: (Garnacha Tinta) at minimum 15% abv, produced in oxidative method, 24 months in barrel
DO Somontano: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
57% tinto (blends), 23% blanco (varietals), 19% rosado; continental with Mediterranean influences; brown limestone, clay; international and indigenous
DO Cataluna/Catalunya: Styles, Generally
49% blanco, 41% tinto, 10% rosado; varies; catch-all for entire region, i.e., an "umbrella DO"; spread out over 150 municipalities and seven regions
DO Cava: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
100% espumoso; (Cataluna) Mediterranean with continental; (Cataluna) calcareous clay with high limestone content
What seven autonomous regions make DO Cava?
Cataluna, La Rioja, Comunidad Valenciana, Aragon, Navarra, Extremadura and Pais Vasco
DO Cava Aging Desgination: Cava
9 months minimum aging
DO Cava Aging Desgination: Reserva
15 months minimum aging
DO Cava Aging Desgination: Gran Reserva
30 months minimum aging; Brut Nature, Extra Brut and Brut only
Cava de Paraje Calificado
36 months; Brut Nature, Extra Brut and Brut only; ≥10 year old vines; single vineyard; hand harvest; low yields; estate vinified; vintage; approved
Who was Josep Raventos I Fatjo?
Visited Champagne in 1872 and returned to Spain to create sparkling wines using same method
Who was Manuel Raventos Domenech?
Son of Josep; formulated classic blend: Xarel.lo, Macabeo, Parellada
What is a Girasol?
Hand operated pre-cursor to fully automated gyropalette for riddling
DO Emporda: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
58% tinto (Samso/Carinena, Garnacha Tinta/Lledoner), 24% blanco (Garnacha Blanca); Mediterranean with Tramontana; alluvium (plains), slate/granite (mountains)
Where is Alt Emporda?
Northernmost of the non-contiguous sections of DO Emporda
Where is Baix Emporda?
Southernmost of the non-contiguous sections of DO Emporda
What is "Garnacha del Emporda"?
DO Emporda: ≥ 90% Garnacha Tinta and/or Garnacha Peluda, and ≥ 2 years aging
What is the Tramontana?
Strong, dry north wind that blows through autumn, winter and spring; desicates grapes and concentrates flavors and sugar, affects Emporda
DO Montsant: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
90% tinto (Garnatxa Negra, Samso blends); Mediterranean with continental; panal, saulo, llicorella; reds similar to DOQ priorat, but lighter, less complex
What is Panal?
Silty loam soil found in DO Montsant
What is Sauló?
Limey clay with some grantic sand soil found in DO Montsant
What is Llicorella?
Copper-colored quartz-rich decomposed slate soil found in DO Montsant and DOQ Priorat
DO Penedes: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
51% blanco (Garnatxa Blanca), 35% tinto (Garnatxa Negra, Samso), 11% rosado; Mediterranean; limestone, loamy clay; three sub-zones
What is "Classic Penedes"?
DO Penedes espumoso designation: 100% organic, all from Penedes, in registered cellars, ≥ 15 months on lees; first organic designation in world
DOCa/DOQ Priorat: Styles (primary grapes), climate, soils
95% tinto (Garnacha Tinta, Samso); Mediterranean with continental, Cierzo winds; llicorella
What is Vi de Vila + [name of subzone]?
DOQ Priorat quality category: 12 villages and growing zones; grapes from village; max yields 7,000 kg/ha (whites), 5,000 kg/ha (reds) ; 90% of vineyards ≥ 10 years, balance ≥ 5 years
What are Els Noms de la Terra?
DOQ Priorat quality category: Available for non-regional bottlings, with 3 subcategories
What is Vi de Paratge?
DOQ Priorat, Els Noms de la Terra quality subcategory: grapes from paratge, max yields 6,000 kg/ha (whites), 4,000 kg/ha (reds), 90% of vineyards ≥ 15 years, balance ≥ 5 years
What is Vinya Classificada?
DOQ Priorat, Els Noms de la Terra quality subcategory (4 fincas): grapes from single vineyard, max yields 6,000 kg/ha (whites), 4,000 kg/ha (reds), 80% of vineyards ≥ 20 years, balance ≥ 5 years
What is Gran Vinya Classificada?
DOQ Priorat, Els Noms de la Terra quality subcategory (1 finca): grapes from single vineyard, max yields 4,000 kg/ha (whites), 3,000 kg/ha (reds), 90% of vineyards ≥ 35 years, balance ≥ 10 years
What is Clos Mogador?
DOQ Priorat Vinya Classificada
What is Mas de la Rosa?
DOQ Priorat Vinya Classificada