science
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Molecule | A group of atoms chemically joined together, can be the same or different |
| Parts of the atom? | Protons+nutrons in nucleus electrons orbiting |
| What did chadwick discover | Chadwick discovered neutrons (no charge) and that they are centered in the nucleus with the protons |
| What did bohr discover | The electrons orbit the nucleus that has the protons |
| What did ruthford discover | Protons are centered in the nucleas |
| What did thomson discover and what was his model's name?. | He discovered electrons, his model was called the plum pudding |
| Compounds | Group of DIFFERENT atoms joined together |
| Abundant? | Prevelent/common |
| How are periods arranged in the periodic table? | Arranged by the atomic number ,which increases by 1 from left to right |
| Element? | A group of identical atoms |
| Indivisible? | Cannot be broken down any further |
| Atom? | The smallest indivisible unit of matter |
| Factors that affect diffusion | Temp. concentration molecule size surface area |
| Plant cells have ... | Cell walls |
| Dilute | Has more or less of a solute |
| Osomisis | Diffusion of water molecules across the membrane |
| Concentration gradient | Difference in concentration |
| What are the methods of separating mixutes? | Chromatography sieving evaporation/condensation |
| Indicators to test acids and bases | Litmus paper universal indicator ph meter |
| What are the indicators of a reaction | Fizzing bubbles change in colour smell heat |
| Adding an acid and a base is called the process of | Neutralization |
| What is cellular respiration | Breaking down glucose to get energy with the help of oxygen, to take the energy and release CO2 and water |
| What are chemical changes | When a new substance is formed or burning |
| What are physical changes? | Changes in state |
| Types of solutions | Hypertonic: solute<solvent hypotonic: solvent<solute isotonic: solute=solvent |
| What is chromatography | A method of separating mixtures and analyising them |
| Name the compound of hydrogen and oxygen, sodium+hydrogen+oxygen? potassium+hydrogen+oxygen? | Sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide |
| Name the compound of oxygen, carbon+1atom of oxygen | Carbon monoxide |
| Name the compound of metals and non-metals, magnesium+sulfur? beryllium+florine? | Magnesium sulfide, beryllium floride |
| What is a mixture | A mixture of elements/compouds not chemically joined together |
| How do you find the amount of nutrons? | Atomic number-atomic mass= number of neutrons |
| Characteristics of clay soil | Small spaces between particles, high in nutrients, high water holding capacity, temp. changes slower. |
| What is Metamorphism | Process of changing form |
| What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks | Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet, they don’t reach the surface. . |
| They cool down very quickly due to the huge difference in temperature which results in... | Results in fine crystals, or no crystals at all like Obsidian. |
| What are igneous rocks made of and how are they formed | They are made of magma, When magma cools it becomes Igneous rock. |
| Types of rocks | Igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks |
| Characteristics of peat soil | High organic matter, large amount of moisture, optimum for gardening |
| Characteristics of silt soil | Medium spaces between particles, fine particles,can wash away easily, good water holfing capacity |
| Characteristics of clay soil | Small spaces between particles |
| What affects the type of igneous rocks | The time it takes the magma to cool, and the location of the cooling |
| Characteristics of sandy soil | Weathered parts of rocks, large spaces between particles, poor in nutrients, low water holding capacity, good for drainage |
| Types of soil | Sandy, clay, slit, peat |
| Different types of soil depend on | The spaces between particles, the nutrients provided |
| What is soil | Rock and mineral pieces mixed together includes organic material called humus |
| Minerals can be categorized based on their... | Luster, hardness, streak, colour |
| What are the characteristics of minerals | 1. naturally occuring 2. inorganic 3. specific chemical compositions 4. solid |
| What minerals is granite made of | Feldspar, quartz, mica |
| The type of rock depends on.... | The size and type of the mineral |
| What are rocks | Solid substances made out of grains of minerals |
| Earth's layers | 1. crust 2. mantle 3. core |
| Give ways of erosion | Gravity, Water, Wind. |
| Solution | Mixture of solvent and solute |
| Particles always seek- | -equilibrium |
| Equilibrium | Balance |
| Types of permeability | Permeable impermeable semi-permeable |
| In order for diffusion to happen there needs ro be | Concentration gradient permeability |
| Concentration? | Amount of substamce n a specific area |
| What molecules are in H2O | 2 hydrogen, one oxygen |
| What is diffusion | Movement of atoms from high concentration to low concentration |
| There are two types of fossils | Trace fossils,and bone fossils |
| What are fossils | The ‘remains’ of organisms from millions of years ago, which are found in rocks. |
| Geology | The study of earth |
| What is erosion | The process which rocks are transported by natural forces such as wind or water. |
| Example on biotic weathering | Plants growing from rocks which breaks them |
| Example on physical weathering | Freeze-thaw |
| Example on chemical weathering | Acid rain, rain in general |
| What are the types of weathering | Chemical, physical, biotc |
| Exogenous factors | Weathering, erosion, deposition |
| Sgareh | Hdh |
| Give an example of a metamorphic rock (before and after) | Shale-> slate, limestone -> marble, igneous -> gneiss |
| What changes does a rock need to change into a metamorphic rock | Changes of heat and pressure to change into another form. |
| What are the types of sedimentary rocks | Clastic, organic, chamical |