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Physiology

Class at the National Academy of Osteopathy


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Physiology


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Upper motor neurons
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a neuron that extends from the cerebral cortex or brainstem to synapse with a lower motor neuron (usually in the spinal cord).
a neuron that extends from the cerebral cortex or brainstem to synapse with a lower motor neuron (usually in the spinal cord).

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Physiology - Detalles

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Upper motor neurons
A neuron that extends from the cerebral cortex or brainstem to synapse with a lower motor neuron (usually in the spinal cord).
Lower motor neurons
Is a multipolar neuron which connects the upper motor neurone (UMN) to the skeletal muscle it innervates.
See image.
Label the image
Contralateral and Inverted.
The representation of the body parts of the body, on the brain are ______________ However, several facial muscles are represented bilaterally
Somatotopic
The body representation of motor neurons are organized in a _____________ manner with the feet at the upper medial region of the gyrus and the face at the lower lateral region
The "complexity of function" done by the "muscle". So, muscles of hands and tongue occupies 50% of this area
Area of representation of the motor neurons in the brain is proportional to ________ __ _______ done by the ______________?
Primary Motor Area
The premotor area lies immediately anterior to the lateral regions of WHICH AREA?
Premotor Area
What area occupies a large portion of area 6, and is bounded superiorly ^ by the supplemental motor area.
Aquired Reflexes are called...?
What type of reflexes are "Contitioned Reflexes"?
Inborn Reflexes are called...?
What are "Unconditioned Reflexes"?
Visual and Postural reflexes are controlled where?
What are the 2 categories of inborn reflexes?
Hunger, Thirst and Body Temperature reflexes are controlled where?
What are the 3 categories of inborn reflexes?
False. An unconditioned response can become conditioned.
An unconditioned response cannot become a conditioned response, no matter what. True or False?
Deep, Visceral, Superficial.
Where are the 3 kinds of spinal receptors found?
#2
Which one of the two images is the correct reflex for an adult to have?
#1, Babies.
Which image is showing a positive Babinski Sign? Who should have this response: adults or babies?
What is the somatosensory (somatic sensory) function?
Somatosensory function is the ability to interpret bodily sensation. (Sensation takes a number of forms, including touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, itch, tickle, and pain.)
The reticular nucleus does what?
Serves as a sheath to the thalamus.
Fill in the blanks
Anterior, Posterior
Fill in the blanks
Medial, Ventral
The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus. The sensations felt are: a) acute; specific, refined, indicative b) crude; unrefined, protopathic c) variations of (a) and (b)
B) "The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus but the sensations felt are of crude protopathic nature (e.g: diffuse pain, crude touch & extremes of temperature change.)"
When does the Thalamus further gate inhibitory cortical feedback?
When the sensory input is very high and the sensory system is overloaded with sensory input.
The limbic system consist of those parts of the brain that are of great importance in
1. Initiation of emotions. 2. Regulation of emotional behavior
Emotions: complex feeling states having two components:
Sensory and Behavioral (internal and external)
The role of the limbic system in motivation and emotional behavior has 3 main categories:
Feeding response, Fear and Rage, Sexual Behavior and Reproduction (puberty/hormonal cycle)
If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience, what does that have to do with memory?
If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience can't be remembered easily i.e. no transformation into long-term memory and become hardly to be remembered.