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level: Thalamus and Limbic System (Lecture 9)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Thalamus and Limbic System (Lecture 9)

QuestionAnswer
The reciprocal connection between the D.M. nucleus of the thalamus and prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of memory.Medial Dorsal Nucleus
There is a Thalamus in each ________ __________ of the brain.Cerebral Hemisphere
Each Cerebral Hemisphere has (how many) Thalamus/Thalami?1
The Thalamus's ________ Nucleus is thought to be mainly linked to memoryAnterior
The ___________ Nucleus is thought to be mainly linked to emotional behaviour AND memory.Dorsomedial
The _______ ________ Nucleus and ____________ Nucleus are thought to be mainly involved with motor functions.Ventral Anterior and Ventromedial
The VPL and VPM nuclei are thought to be linked to input from the body and head, respectively. What does VPL and VPM stand for?Ventral Posterolateral and Ventral Posteromedial
Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) and Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) are two nuclei in the Thalamus. Which of them is concerned with somatosensory input from the body?The VPL nucleus is concerned with somatosensory input from the body
Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) and Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) are two nuclei in the Thalamus. Which of them is concerned with somatosensory input from the head?The VPM nucleus is concerned with somatosensory input from the head (including face and taste).
What is the somatosensory (somatic sensory) function?Somatosensory function is the ability to interpret bodily sensation. (Sensation takes a number of forms, including touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, itch, tickle, and pain.)
The Lateral Posterior Nucleus integrates sensory input and links it with _______ functions.Cognitive
The Pulvinar Nucleus processes what kind of stimulus?Visual
The Medial Geniculate Nucleus processes what kind of information?Auditory
The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus processes what kind of information?Visual
The reticular nucleus does what?Serves as a sheath to the thalamus.
The gray matter of the thalamus is divided internally by laminae of ______ matter into many separate nuclei.White
The thalamic nuclei are functionally divided into two groups, which are ______ and ___-_____Specific and Non-Specific
Specific nuclei receive well defined afferents and project to specific areas in the cerebral cortex and they include:Anterior, Medial, Lateral
Non-specific nuclei receive input mainly from R.A.S, and project diffusely to all parts of the neocortex and they include:Intralaminar nuclei, Midline Nuclei and Reticular Nuclei
Fill in the blanksAnterior, Posterior
Fill in the blanksMedial, Ventral
Fill in the blankLateral
All ascending sensory pathways before reaching the ??????? relay in the thalamuscerebral cortex
The VPL and VPM nuclei on the right side of the brain will carry sensations from the ____ ____ of the body.opposite
The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus. The sensations felt are: a) acute; specific, refined, indicative b) crude; unrefined, protopathic c) variations of (a) and (b)b) "The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus but the sensations felt are of crude protopathic nature (e.g: diffuse pain, crude touch & extremes of temperature change.)"
When does the Thalamus further gate inhibitory cortical feedback?When the sensory input is very high and the sensory system is overloaded with sensory input.
The _____ ______ nucleus and ______ ______ nucleus relay motor signals from the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum to the motor and premotor areas of the Frontal Lobe to control thalamic functions.Ventral Anterior, Ventral Lateral
The _____ ________ nucleus relays tactile and proprioceptive* signals to the motor cortex. This provides sensory information about position and movements of the different parts of the bodyVentral Posterolateral
The reciprocal connection between the D.M. nucleus of the thalamus and prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of memory. What is the DM?Medial Dorsal Nucleus
Which of the Thalamic Nuclei groupings is most related to arousal/wakefulness?Non-Specific
The medial and anterior thalamic nuclei make up which one of the two groups of nuclei in the Thalamus?Specific
The reciprocal connection between the ____________. nucleus of the thalamus and prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of memoryDorsalMedial
The limbic system consist of those parts of the brain that are of great importance in1. Initiation of emotions. 2. Regulation of emotional behavior
The limbic system is interconnected group of cortical and subcortical nuclei within the brain. It includes both the ______ ______ and __________ _______ ________.Limbic cortex and Subcortical limbic structures
The amygdala is mainly concerned with which emotion.Fear, anger, anxiety
the Septal Nuclei is genially associated with what emotion?Pleasure/reward
The hippocampus is mainly generally concerned with what?Memory
What limbic nuclei is mainly concerned with the "fight or flight" response?Hypothalamus
What area of the brain is the main relay station?the thalamus
What "gyrus" helps regulate responses to unpleasant experiences?Cingulate Gyrus
"The regulation and control of emotion, memory and bodily functions" best describes which: the Limbic System or the Thalamus?The Limbic System
A closed circuit called _____ _______ connects the thalamus and hypothalamus with the limbic systemPapez circuit
Connection of limbic system with the neocortex enables the neocortex to modify the _______ ________.emotional behavior
The Papez circuit controls the various bodily responses to _______ reactionEmotional
Emotions: complex feeling states having two components:Sensory and Behavioral (internal and external)
The role of the limbic system in motivation and emotional behavior has 3 main categories:Feeding response, Fear and Rage, Sexual Behavior and Reproduction (puberty/hormonal cycle)
__________ plays a control role on the onset of puberty as well as it contains sensory neurons that respond to gonadal hormones -> powerful control upon the sexual function and activityHypothalamus
Bilateral damage of amygdale will cause what?Hypersexuality
Removal of limbic cortex will cause what?Loss of sexual attraction
Emotional state is determined by the pleasure-anxiety balance between what two brain systems/structures?limbic system and hypothalamus
If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience, what does that have to do with memory?If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience can't be remembered easily i.e. no transformation into long-term memory and become hardly to be remembered.
Does smell related to the limbic system?Yes