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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances and destruction of the organic substances | Dental Caries |
| 3 factors that affect development of caries | Host, microflora, substrate |
| Essential Factors (etiology):most cariogenic food especially refined sugars because these are readily fermentable | Carbohydrates |
| Factors that determine cariogenecity of Carbohydrates | Frequency of ingestion, Physical form, Chemical composition, Route of administration, Presence of other food constituents |
| Most cariogenic bacteria | Streptococcus mutans |
| Capable of utilizing sucrose to synthesize a sticky insoluble polysaccharide (glucans) that serve as a structural matrix for attachment of bacteria on tooth surface | Streptococcus mutans |
| Causative Bacteria of Dental Caries | Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces |
| Composition of saliva:begins digestion of fat | Lingual lipase |
| Composition of saliva:Electrolyte solution ( ____________) moistens food | Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3- |
| Composition of saliva:Proteins and enzymes | Statherins, Proline-rich proteins, histatins, lysozymes, salivary peroxidase |
| Composition of saliva:Antimicrobial action | Proteins and enzymes |
| Composition of saliva:Lubrication | Proteins and enzymes |
| Composition of saliva:Buffer capacity and remineralization | Proteins and enzymes |
| Systemic Factors | Hereditary, Pregnancy and lactation |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: by Miller | Acidogenic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: stated that dental caries is a chemicoparasitic process with two stages | Acidogenic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: Decalcification of enamel which results in total destruction | Acidogenic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: Decalcification of dentin as preliminary stage, followed by dissolution of the softened residue | Acidogenic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: by Gottlieb | Proteolytic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: dissolution of organic substance and demineralization of inorganic substance | Proteolytic Theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: bacterial attack on enamel initiated by keratinolytic microorganisms | Proteolysis-chelation theory |
| Theories on Etiology of Dental Caries: consists in a breakdown of protein and other organic components of enamel, chiefly keratin | Proteolysis-chelation theory |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:occlusal surfaces of posteriors and lingual pits of anteriors | Pit and fissure |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:deep penetrating | Acute crown caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:pulp easily involved | Acute crown caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:pain is a constant symptom | Acute crown caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:shallow disintegrating type | Acute Root Caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:slow, long standing lesion | Chronic crown and root caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:dark brown in color with decalcified dentin leathery in consistency and with secondary dentin deposition | Chronic crown and root caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:delayed pulp involvement | Chronic crown and root caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:absence of pain | Chronic crown and root caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:static or stationary caries that does not show any marked tendency for further progression | Arrested caries |
| Clinical Classification of Dental Caries:virgin caries | Primary caries |
| Secondary caries: recurrence of caries after treatment or occurs in the immediate vicinity of a restoration | Marginal caries |
| How to protect tooth (pedodontic) | Prophylactic odontotomy, sealant |
| How to protect tooth (pedodontic):conservative occlusal restorations of deep pit and fissures prior to caries formation | Prophylactic Odontotomy |
| How to protect tooth (pedodontic):adherent materials placed on the occlusal surfaces of teeth | Sealant |
| Thin protein containing film derived from salivary glycoproteins | Acquired pellicle |
| 20— 500 nm thick within the first two hours of exposure to saliva | Acquired pellicle |
| Always present in the oral cavity | Acquired pellicle |
| Site of bacterial proliferation and growth | Acquired pellicle |
| Site of acid-base regulation at the tooth surface which provides a matrix for remineralization | Acquired pellicle |
| A reservoir for calcium ion exchange between the tooth and saliva | Acquired pellicle |
| Functions to reduce friction between the teeth | Acquired pellicle |
| Action of Saliva to Neutralize Acid Attack: | Wash Acid Away, bicarbonate component directly buffers acids |
| After tooth demineralization, the tooth may undergo: | Remineralization, progress to cavitation |
| Enamel zones: Advancing front of the carious lesion | Translucent Zone |
| Enamel zones: most severely demineralized area | Body of the lesion |
| Enamel zones: occupies greatest part of affected area | Body of the lesion |
| Enamel zones: Unaffected by caries attack | Surface Zone |
| Enamel zones: Has greater concentration of fluoride ion than the immediately subadjacent enamel | Surface Zone |
| Dentinal zones:Walls of dentinal tubules and matrix becomes decalcified | Zone of complete decalcification |
| Dentinal zones:Dentinal tubules are obliterated because of calcification of Tome's fiber | Zone of transparency |
| Dentinal zones:Formation of fatty materials and beginning precipitation of calcium droplets in the protoplasm of Tome's fiber | Zone of fatty degeneration |
| CARIES OF DENTIN: The ______ act as tracts leading to the pulp (path for micro-organisms). | Dentinal tubules |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:initial penetration of the dentin by caries | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:dentinal sclerosis | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:calcification of DT and sealing off from further penetration by micro-organisms, | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:more prominent in slow chronic caries. | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:Behind the transparent sclerotic zone, decalcification of dentin appears. | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:microorganisms may be found penetrating the tubules | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:Pioneer Bacteria | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:acidophilic forms are more prominent | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:proteolytic organisms might appear to predominate | Early Dentinal Changes |
| DENTINAL CHANGES:decalcification of walls, confluence of the dentinal tubules, | Early Dentinal Changes |