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ONCOLD1 - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| "NEW GROWTH" | NEOPLASMS |
| 2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:neoplasms compete with normal tissues and cells for their metabolic needs. | BEHAVE AS PARASITES |
| 2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:All neoplasms are critically dependent on an adequate blood supply derived from the host | BEHAVE AS PARASITES |
| Generation of tumors | ONCOGENESIS |
| Capability of inducing tumor formation | ONCOGENICITY |
| Main cause of metaplasia | Vitamin a deficiency |
| FORERUNNER OF A CANCER | DYSPLASIA |
| Loss of architectural orientation | DYSPLASIA |
| Two principal criteria by which a diagnosis of cancer is made in a primary lesion. | ANAPLASIA and evidence Of INVASION Of normal tissues |
| Abnormal cells that have not yet spread beyond they first formed | Carcinoma in Situ |
| BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):poor | MALIGNANT |
| BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Cartilaginous tumor | CHONDROMA |
| MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS: Any stratified squamous epithelium of the body. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Supporting layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics | STROMA |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of mucosa at wall of gut + visceral peritoneum | SEEDING OF CANCERS |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Reimplants at distant sites throughout peritoneal cavity | SEEDING OF CANCERS |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Peritoneal Cavities (Pleural, pericardial, subarachnoid spaces) | SEEDING OF CANCERS |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most common | LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Tends to follow the natural drainage paths of the site of tumorous invasion | LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of breast(oncocytes) à axillary nodes à nodes along internal mammary artery and suprainfraclavicular regions | LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most important other than lymphatic (because once blood vessels are invaded, metastasis or spread of cancer can be as fast as a lightning) | BLOOD VESSEL INVASION |
| 4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. renal carcinoma à renal vein à inferior vena cava | BLOOD VESSEL INVASION |
| The term used to describe a malignant transformation wherein the entire thickness of the epithelium is involved with dysplastic changes is | Carcinoma in Situ |
| The following are mesenchymal in origin, EXCEPT Liposarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Colonic polyp | Colonic polyp |
| Protein of extracellular matrix | LAMININ MOLECULE |
| Major component of the basal lamina of the basement membrane | LAMININ MOLECULE |
| A protein network foundation for most organs of the body | LAMININ MOLECULE |
| Thin fibrous extracellular matrix that separates the internal or external surface underlying the connective tissue | LAMININ MOLECULE |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Geographic and racial factors, e.g. cancer of the skin; prone to caucasians | Xeroderma pigmentosum |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Environmental and cultural influences; Inhalation of dust leads to | Lung, hepatic cancer |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Environmental and cultural influences; betel nut chewing leads to | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Babies, toddlers, geriatric patients; Patients with low resistance | Age and childhood cancer |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Precancerous disorder that leads to cancer | Acquired preneoplastic disorders |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Precancerous disorder that leads to cancer; endometrial hyperplasia leads to | Endometrial carcinoma |
| PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER:Precancerous disorder that leads to cancer ; leukoplakia leads to | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL):anti-cancer drugs but regrettably have been documented to induce lymphoid neoplasms, leukemia, and other forms of cancer. | Direct-Acting Alkylating Agent |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL):Drug taken before chemotherapy | Direct-Acting Alkylating Agent |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL):Weak carcinogens | Direct-Acting Alkylating Agent |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL): examples of Direct-Acting Alkylating Agent | Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, bisulfan, melphalan |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL):Most potent carcinogens | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| CARCINOGENIC AGENTS (CHEMICAL):Usually taken from cigarette smoking | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |