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Hydrocarbons - Marcador
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Hydrocarbons - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Organic Chemistry | Compounds that contain carbon atoms in living things. |
| Exceptions | CO3 - CO2 - C ( Oxides, carbides, carbonates). |
| Types of organic chemistry | Hydrocarbons, Other organic compounds |
| Isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but with a different structure |
| X | A |
| Hydrocarbons | Organic with C and H only |
| Examples of hydrocarbons | Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Cycloalkanes, Aromatics |
| Hydrocarbons are classified into | Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons |
| Saturated Hydrocarbons | Contain only single bonds. As: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. |
| Unsaturated Hydrocabons | Contain at least one double or triple bond only. As: Alkene, Alkyne, Aromatics. |
| Bond of alkanes | Alkanes form only single bonds |
| Perfix | -ane |
| Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2=C4H10 |
| Classification of Alkanes | Since alkanes have single bonds; it is saturated. |
| Bonds of Cycloalkanes | Cycloalkanes have only single bonds. However, it is arranged as a cycle( cyclic). |
| CnH2n | General Molecular formula of Cycloalkanes |
| Prefix | Cyclo Prefix ane |
| :..... | It starts from 3 C (3rd carbon) |
| Example of using the prefix | Cyclo but ane |
| Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)=C4H8 |
| Classification of Cycloalkanes | Since cycloalkanes have single bonds only; it is saturated. |
| Bond of alkenes | At least one Double bond |
| Prefix | Ene |
| Example of using the prefix | Butene Exception: Methene cant be considered an alkene. |
| Example of molecular formula | N=4 C4H2(4)=C4H8 |
| :... | Starts from 2 C (2nd carbon) |
| Classification of Alkenes | Since alkenes use double bonds only; it is unsaturated |
| Bond of alkynes | At least one Triple bond |
| General molecular formula | CnH2n-2 |
| Prefix | Yne |
| Example of using the prefix | Butyne Exceptions: Methyne cant be considered as an alkyne. |
| Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)-2=C4H6 |
| :..... | Starts from C2 (2nd carbon) |
| Classification of Alkynes | Since alkynes use triple bonds; it is unsaturated |
| Structural formula | Hexagon with a ring |
| Prefix | Benzene |
| Other organic compounds | C, H + a non metal |
| Examples of other organic compounds | Alcohols, Ethers, Amines |
| Functional group of alcohols is | OH group( hydroxyl group) |
| Molecular formula of alcohols | CnH2n+1 OH |
| Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2 OH=C4H10OH |
| Butanol | Prefix example |
| OH | It takes the least possible number |
| Functional group of Alcohol is | Oxygen group (O) |
| Molecular formula for Ethers | CnH2n+2 O |
| Prefix | Branch+ prefix + ether |
| Prefix of ethers example | Di ethyl ether |
| Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2 O= C4H10O |
| Functional group of Amines | N group (nitrogen) |
| Prefix | Branch+ prefix +amine |
| ..... | Starts from 4 C (4th carbon) |
| Example of using the prefix | Dimethylethylamine |
| Meth | 1 |
| Eth | 2 |
| Prop | 3 |
| But | 4 |
| Pent | 5 |
| Hex | 6 |
| Hept | 7 |
| Oct | 8 |
| Non | 9 |
| Dec | 10 |