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Hydrocarbons - Marcador
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Hydrocarbons - Detalles
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🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
Organic Chemistry | Compounds that contain carbon atoms in living things. |
Exceptions | CO3 - CO2 - C ( Oxides, carbides, carbonates). |
Types of organic chemistry | Hydrocarbons, Other organic compounds |
Isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but with a different structure |
X | A |
Hydrocarbons | Organic with C and H only |
Examples of hydrocarbons | Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Cycloalkanes, Aromatics |
Hydrocarbons are classified into | Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons |
Saturated Hydrocarbons | Contain only single bonds. As: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. |
Unsaturated Hydrocabons | Contain at least one double or triple bond only. As: Alkene, Alkyne, Aromatics. |
Bond of alkanes | Alkanes form only single bonds |
Perfix | -ane |
Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2=C4H10 |
Classification of Alkanes | Since alkanes have single bonds; it is saturated. |
Bonds of Cycloalkanes | Cycloalkanes have only single bonds. However, it is arranged as a cycle( cyclic). |
CnH2n | General Molecular formula of Cycloalkanes |
Prefix | Cyclo Prefix ane |
:..... | It starts from 3 C (3rd carbon) |
Example of using the prefix | Cyclo but ane |
Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)=C4H8 |
Classification of Cycloalkanes | Since cycloalkanes have single bonds only; it is saturated. |
Bond of alkenes | At least one Double bond |
Prefix | Ene |
Example of using the prefix | Butene Exception: Methene cant be considered an alkene. |
Example of molecular formula | N=4 C4H2(4)=C4H8 |
:... | Starts from 2 C (2nd carbon) |
Classification of Alkenes | Since alkenes use double bonds only; it is unsaturated |
Bond of alkynes | At least one Triple bond |
General molecular formula | CnH2n-2 |
Prefix | Yne |
Example of using the prefix | Butyne Exceptions: Methyne cant be considered as an alkyne. |
Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)-2=C4H6 |
:..... | Starts from C2 (2nd carbon) |
Classification of Alkynes | Since alkynes use triple bonds; it is unsaturated |
Structural formula | Hexagon with a ring |
Prefix | Benzene |
Other organic compounds | C, H + a non metal |
Examples of other organic compounds | Alcohols, Ethers, Amines |
Functional group of alcohols is | OH group( hydroxyl group) |
Molecular formula of alcohols | CnH2n+1 OH |
Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2 OH=C4H10OH |
Butanol | Prefix example |
OH | It takes the least possible number |
Functional group of Alcohol is | Oxygen group (O) |
Molecular formula for Ethers | CnH2n+2 O |
Prefix | Branch+ prefix + ether |
Prefix of ethers example | Di ethyl ether |
Molecular formula example | N=4 C4H2(4)+2 O= C4H10O |
Functional group of Amines | N group (nitrogen) |
Prefix | Branch+ prefix +amine |
..... | Starts from 4 C (4th carbon) |
Example of using the prefix | Dimethylethylamine |
Meth | 1 |
Eth | 2 |
Prop | 3 |
But | 4 |
Pent | 5 |
Hex | 6 |
Hept | 7 |
Oct | 8 |
Non | 9 |
Dec | 10 |