Bio psych - Brain functions and areas
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Bio psych - Brain functions and areas - Marcador
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23 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| How many hemispheres make up the cerebral cortex? | 2 hemispheres |
| What does bilateral mean? | Means hearing and seeing most things in the body are bilateral |
| What are the connections between hemispheres? | Corpus callosum and commissures |
| What are the contralateral connections in the brain? | Left hemisphere controls right side of the body right hemisphere controls left side of the body |
| What are the auditory connections in the brain? | 1. ear 2. cochlea nucleus 3. primary auditory cortex |
| Left visual field? | Leads to neural activations in both eyes - this then goes to the right hemisphere |
| Right visual field? | Leads to activation of the left hemisphere - visual is on the left side of both eyes |
| How can we see through both eyes? | Different neurons are activated in the retina depending on the incoming angle (from object to eye) optic chiasm |
| What is lateralisation in the brain? | Certain processes are more highly developed on one side of brain than other left hemisphere: language right hemisphere: emotional content, face recognition, spatial ability |
| Right-hemisphere hypothesis: | The right hemisphere is dominant for emotion recognition |
| Valence hypothesis: | The right hemisphere is dominant for negative emotions, the left is for positive emotions |
| Attention: | Spatial ability --> right hemisphere dominance --> where i am and the physical environment |
| When attention goes wrong: | Damages to the right hemisphere right parietal cortex: neglect of the body on the left side right temporal cortex: neglect if surroundings on the left side |
| Split brain patients | The corpus callosum is cut almost no communication between hemispheres info presented in 1 hemisphere is not interpreted by the other |
| Language --> speech | Speech: most efficient type of language long distances without seeing to get quick attention |
| Source-filter model of speech production | Source: vocal cords of larynx transforms aerodynamic energy to sound waves filter: subpharyngeal cavity filters sounds (important for vowel productions) |
| Why do humans only speak? | Limitations in relevant speech production in other animals Larynx position: lower position in humans --> more flexible vocal and motor control: advanced, voluntary breathing control: advanced vocal flow |
| What are some speech/language components? | Semantics = significance (meaning) syntax = rules and principles (grammar) prosody = rhythm, stress, intonation (melody) |
| Broca's area: | Left frontal cortex language production - speaking writing, gesturing, sign lang comprehending = grammar |
| Wernicke's area | Left temporal cortex language comprehension = overall comprehension, finding the right words |
| Why did language evolve? | Info exchange social aspect of language |
| Traditional view of language: | Info exchange informing about environment e.g. in macaques - diff alarm calls |
| Recent view of language: | Social aspect of language exchange social info e.g. behaviours promote social cohesion in chimps |