Mitosis

- Separates the two copies of each chromosome - Prophase the chromosomes coil up and become visible, the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes attach to spindle fibres at the equator of the cell using their centromere in metaphase. In anaphase the centromere divides and the spindle contracts drawing the chromatids to opposite poles of the cell. After telophase and cytokineis, two new daughters are formed, each containing an identical copy of the DNA code; hence the encoded information has been transmitted vertically. Bacteria also possess the ability to transmit some of their genes horizontally. Conjugation tubes can form between two bacterial cells and the plasmid, small loops of DNA that carry codes for antibiotic resistance, can pass between the two cells. So if one bacteria owns has a plasmid that arries the code for penicilinase, the plasmid can be replicated and passed via conjugation to another. Now both cells are resistant to penicillin.