Wat zijn potentiele oorzaken van het IVE?

- vividness: specific, concrete examples have far greater influence on what people think and how they behave than more statistical information (the more we know, the more we care) - certainty and uncertainty: a certain loss is seen as worse than a uncertain loss with the same expected value; identifiable deaths are usually certain to occur if action is not taken, whereas statistical deaths, by definition, are probabilistic - proportion of the reference group that can be saved: identifiable victims become their own reference group - ex post vs ante evalution: The decision about rescuing an identifiable victim, or the evaluation of the value of rescuing the victim, is usually made ex post (after the occurence of some risk-producing event); In contrast the evaluation of the value of addressing risks to statistical victims is usually made ex ante (before the risk-producing event has occurred)