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level: Supportive Connective Tissue

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Supportive Connective Tissue

QuestionAnswer
What are the two types of supportive connective tissue?Cartilage, Bones
Three main Characteristics of cartilageAvascular, no nerves, perichondrium
No blood vessels, so no blood supply, so slow to healAvascular
No pain to signal damageNo nerves
Dense irregular C.T. covering cartilagePerichondrium
Cells of cartilageChondrocytes
Cells that build new cartilageChondroblasts
Mature condroblasts, they maintain cartilagechondrocytes
Cavities/ pockets in extracellular matrix in which cartilage cells are found (1 cell per pocket)Lacuna/ lacunae
Types of cartilageHyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage, Fibrocartilage
Most abundant type of cartilage, covers the end of a boneHyaline cartilage
Cartilage in external earElastic cartilage
Between vertebraeFibrocartilage
Three characteristics of boneHeal quickly, have nerves,periosteum
a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bonePeriosteum
Function of bonesFramework for body
Examples of protecting bonesHeart, lungs
How do bones help with movement?Muscles use bone as leverage
What do bones store?Minerals-exsp. Calcium and phosphate
Blood cell formationhematopoiesis
Divisions of skeletal systemAxial, Appendicular skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic (rib) cageAxial skeleton
Bones of arms and legs and their holdersAppendicular skeleton
Four categories of bone typesLong bones
Bone that’s longer than it is wideLong bones
Bones that are as tall as they are wide; cube shapedShort bones
Thin, flat, curved bonesFlat bones
Examples of flat bonesribs
Examples of short bonesCarpals - wrist bones
Bones that don’t fit into any other categoryIrregular bones
Examples of irregular bonesHalf of pelvis
Components of bones (bones are made up of):Osteoid, hydroxyapatite,cells
Organic portion of extracellular matrixOsteoid
Osteoid s are made up of: (2)Collagen fibers, ground substance
Function of osteoids:Give bones tensile strength
Made up of calcium and phosphate (they’re stored in the bone as these crystals)hydroxyapatite
Provide organic framework on which the inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals can formCollagen fibers (from osteiods)
Are inorganicHydroxyapatite crystals
Function of hydroxyapatite crystals:Give bones compressional strength
Can be pressed/ put weight on it without breakingCompressional strength
Three types of cellsOsteoblasts,osteocytes, osteoclasts
Cells responsible for building new bones (eventually die off)Osteoblasts
Mature osteoblasts, maintain bonesOsteocytes
Break down bone for energy if needed (increase continually in body)Osteoclasts
Two textures of bonesCompact, spongy
More dense and solid, is made of osteons, and makes up external layer of boneCompact bone
Units that make up compact bone, cylindrical, are organized into concentric circles (means they all share the same center)Osteons
Tissue layers that make up the concentric circles of osteons, have a hollow center called the central canalconcentric lamella
Location of nerves, blood vessels, and cyanic vesselsCentral canal
Osteocytes and osteons are able to connect with each other in:canaliculi
Much lighter (doesn’t weigh much), not dense, not made of osteons- instead made of trabiculaeSpongy bone
Bars of bone, make up spongy bone, surround hollow spaces filled with red bone marrowtrabeculae
Another name for spongy bonetrabecular bone
Red marrow is ___ (responsible for forming blood cells)Hematopoietic
Shaft of boneDiaphysis
Hollow center of diaphysisMedullary cavity
Lining in medullary cavityendosteum
Ends of bone, has layer of hyaline cartilageEpiphysis
Another name for hyaline cartilagearticular cartilage
Bone grows LONGER (when no marrow left, becomes lineepiphyseal plate
Where diaphysis and epiphysis meetMetaphysis
Made of adiposeYellow bone marrow
Is lamellar bone compact?Yes
Is trabicular spongy bone?Yes
Where hyaline cartilage becomes boneepiphyseal plate