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level: Microbiology

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Microbiology

QuestionAnswer
have own metabolismViruses are characterized by the following with an exception. Which is the exception?
Bacteria:all variants are correct are prokaryotic organisms; are unicellular organisms; have exchanges with the environment; have their own metabolism
Fungi:all variants are correct are eukaryotic organisms; possess membrane-bound cell organelles can be yeasts can be filamentous fungi
Select a drop or flame shaped bacterium:Streptococcus pneumoniae
Select a comma shaped bacterium:Vibrio cholerae
Select a rod shaped bacterium:Bacillus anthracis
Select a spirochete:Leptospira
Select a bacterium shaped as a coffee bean:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Select the smallest classic bacterium:Pasteurella multocida
Select the largest pathogen bacterium:Clostridium septicum
Arrangement of bacterial cells in irregular clusters (bunch of grapes) is :staphylo
The occurrence of different shapes, sizes among the members of a population or a colony is:polymorphism
Using the Gram staining method, Gram positive bacteria appear:violet
Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of bacteria:does not have cytoplasmic currents
Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of fungi:it contains cytoplasmic currents
Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of bacteria:it does not have endoplasmic reticulum
Select the correct statement about the bacterial nucleoid:most bacteria have one chromosome
The plasmids that have an independent existence and can temporarily integrate into chromosome are:episomes
The most plasmids are:supercoiled, circular double-stranded DNA molecules
Which component of the bacterium has role in protein synthesis?ribosomes
Select the incorrect statement about organic inclusions:can be made of polymetaphosphate
Which is true regarding bacterial vacuoles?can contain gas
Select the correct statement about cytoplasmic membrane:all variants are correct it is a compulsory structure of vegetative cell it is located between the cytoplasm and bacterial wall it contains phospholipids and proteins the cell membrane of bacteria, doesn’t contain sterols (with exception of Mycoplasma)
The roles of cytoplasmic membrane are;all variants are correct selective biological filter; in replication of bacteria; in respiratory processes of bacteria; the place of enzymatic system; all variants are correct
Select the correct statement about the bacterial wall:all variants are correct it is not a compulsory structure of vegetative cell; both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan; mycoplasmas don't have cell wall: L forms of bacteria don't have cell wall:
Select the correct statement about the bacterial wall:polysaccharide O has role for phages receptor
Which component of the bacterium has role of endotoxin?LPS complex (lipid A)
Defective wall bacteria include the following except:S forms of bacteria
Protoplasts are obtained by treatment of which type of bacteria with lysozyme or penicillin?Gram positive bacteria
Which bacterial species synthesize a true capsule?Bacillus anthracis
Which bacterial species synthesize a microcapsule:Pasteurella multocida
Which bacterial species synthesize a mucous capsule?Klebsiella pneumoniae
Which bacterial species synthesize a true capsule?Streptococcus pneumoniae
The bacterial capsule has the following roles with one exception:the capsular substance represents the H antigen of bacteria
Which bacterial species synthesize a polypeptide capsule?Bacillus anthracis
The capsule is an important virulence determinant because:it protects bacteria from immune mechanisms such as phagocytes, complement or lysozyme
The most capsulogenic bacteria synthesise a polysaccharide capsule with one exception:Bacillus anthracis
Capsular substance represents:the antigen K
The type of arrangement of flagella over the entire surface cell is named:peritrichous
The type of arrangement of multiple polar flagella is named:lophotrichous
The type of arrangement of single polar flagellum is named:monotrichous
The type of arrangement of one flagellum to each end of cell is named:amphitrichous
Select correct statement about the bacterial flagella:all variants are correct in Gram positive bacteria the blepharoplast (basal corpuscle) is made from 2 discs; in Gram negative bacteria the blepharoplast (basal corpuscle) is made from 4 discs; M disc is placed in cytoplasmic membrane; P disc is placed in peptidoglycan leyer;
Which bacterial genus has a high fat content?Mycobacterium
The water content of vegetative cell is75-85%
Which bacterial genus contains sterols?Mycoplasma
Select the most common way for replication of bacteria:binary fission
The generation time of Escherichia coli is:20-30 minutes
The bacteria that grow only in absence of oxygen, are included in following respiratory type:anaerobic- strict anaerobic subtype
The bacteria that grow only in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, are included in respiratory type:aerobic-strict aerobic subtype
anaerobic-capnophilic subtypeThe bacteria that require increased CO2 concentration, are included in respiratory type:
The bacteria that grow best in the presence of low oxygen levels, are included in respiratory type:anaerobic-microaerophilic subtype
In which phase of bacterial growth curve is the activity of cells the most intense?exponential phase
In which phase of bacterial growth curve is the sensitivity of the cells the greatest?exponential phase
Which is the main reason for installing of the stationary phase?the density of bacteria
Which are the reasons of decrease of bacterial population in decline phase?all these factors the death of cells; depletion of nutrients; accumulation of toxic products; accumulation of autolytic enzymes
What is incorrect statement about a bacterial spore?it is a form of reproduction of bacteria
Which are the triggering factors for sporulation?all these factors depletion of nitrogen; exposure to suboptimal temperatures; high cells density; depletion of carbon
Select a sporogenic bacterial genus:Clostridium
Select a sporogenic bacterial genusBacillus
Which is the inner most layer of the spore shell?sporal membrane
Which is the protein that translocates the rest of chromosome (70%) from the mother cell in forespore?DNA transportor protein
Which is the incorrect statement about a bacterial spore?the sporal membrane contains many sulphur aminoacids with disulphide bonds
What happens in the first phase of sporulation?chromosome replication
What happens in the last phase of sporulation?lysis of mother cell
Which factors participate in the resistance of spore?all these factors keratin like protein; calcium dipicolinate; low free water content; impermeability of spore coat
Which are the triggering factors for endospore activation?all these factors the presence of glucose in medium; heat shock; the presence of aminoacids in medium; mercaptoetanol exposure
Which is the first visible change of endospore in outgrowth phase?hydration of the cell
When is the germination finished?when multiplication of the cell begins
In which phase of germination morphological changes do not take place?endospore activation
Which are the elements of the sporal shell from inside to outside:sporal membrane, cortex, sporal coats
Which statement is correct for the spore of Clostridium tetani?the diameter of spore is larger than vegetative cell and it is terminal located
Which statement is correct for the spore of Bacillus spp.the diameter of spore is smaller than vegetative cell and it has a central location
The resistance of spore is due to the following properties, with one exception. Which is the exception?Sodium ions
The statements regarding the features of the spore of Bacillus anthracis are correct with one exception. Which is the exception?the diameter of the spore is larger than the vegetative cell
The features and the processes which take place during the germination of activated spore are:all of these processes it is an irrevesible process; removal of the cortex of the spore; calcium dipicolinic acid is released; the spore loss its refractility
The chemoheterotrophic bacteria use the following substances as energy and carbon source, with one exception. Which is the exceptionCO2
In which nutritional type, are the bacteria of interest for veterinary medicine grouped?chemoheterotrophs;
Bacteria who parasitize animals obtain their nutrients from?tissues of living organisms
Bacteria which use inorganic substances to synthesize their organic compounds are grouped in which nutritional type?autotrophs
Bacteria which use preformed organic compounds for synthesize their organic compounds are grouped in which nutritional type?heterotrophs
Bacteria which obtain the energy from chemical reactions are grouped in which nutritional type?chemotrophs
Bacteria that obtain the energy from sun light are grouped in which nutritional type?phototrophs
The bacteria that live in close association with other organisms are calledsymbiotic bacteria;
The correct order of the discs of blefaroplast of Gram negative bacteria from the inside to outside is:M, S, P, L
The flagellin (flagellar protein) represents the bacterial antigen:H
The polysaccharides of the LPS complex from the structure of the Gram negative bacteria wall represents antigen:O
The capsular substance of encapsulated bacteria represents the antigen:K
Which statement about chromogenic bacteria is incorrect?piocianin is a carotenoid pigment
Which statement about bacterial enzymes is incorrect?the adaptive enzymes arise from gene mutations
Which statement about the microorganisms is incorrect?the viruses contains both nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Select the correct statement about fungi:all responses are correct
Select the correct statement about the viruses:all responses are correct
Select the correct statement about the mesosomes:in genetic recombination, the exogenous genetic material enters into the cell at the level of the mesosomes
The metabolic active form of a bacterium is:vegetative cell
Which bacterial structure is compulsory for a bacterial cell?cell membrane
Using Gram staining method, Gram negative bacteria appearr:red
The Ziehl-Neelson staining method is used for highlight the bacteria from genus:Mycobacterium
Which structure of bacteria determines the Gram status of a bacterium?cell wall;
Which is the correct sequence of shell layers of an encapsullated bacterium, from outside to inside?capsule, wall, cell membrane
Which bacteria are comma shaped?Vibrio cholerae
ribosomesThe bacterial cytoplasm has: