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level: Cell the unit of life

Questions and Answers List

It contains information about cells, cell theory and cell organelles

level questions: Cell the unit of life

QuestionAnswer
the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cellsCytology
the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animalsCell
material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed)Homogenate
the process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifugeCentrifugation
Term cytology given byRobert hooke
Robert hooke wroteMicrographia
Father of modern cytologySwanson
Swansom wroteThe cell book
Indian cytologistAK sharma
cytogenetic term given byH. J. Muller
the branch of biology that studies the cellular aspects of heredity (especially the chromosomes)Cytogenetics
Cell theory given byScheilden and schwann
Cell theory extended byRudolf virchow
Idea of cellular totipotencyHaberlandt
Secrets of nature written byantonie van leeuwenhoek
Who found honey comb like structure in a piece of cork under microscope and in which yearRobert hooke in 1665
First person to use the word cellRobert hooke
Father of cytologyRobert hooke
First person to notice free living cellantonie van leeuwenhoek
leeuwen hoek discoverd bacteria from ___ and named it ____Rain water present on soil, named it wild animalcules
what did rudolf virchow discover about cells and added to cell theoryomni cellula e cellulae, all organisms arises from pre- existing cells
Omni cellula e cellulae also called ascell lineage
Cell lineage explained experimentally byLouis pasteur
Louis pasteur performed -Swan neck flask experiment
Which experiment rejected idea of spontaneous growth even for microbes, who and when it was performedBroth experiment by louis pasteur in 1862
Cell cannot arise de novo meansAlways arise from pre existing cells
Basicly cells are totipotent untill and unlessSpecialised
One cell have all the genetic info required to produce a whole plant bodycellular totipotency
Large scale plants produced in test tubes using tissue culturemicropropagation
Ability of somatic cell to form the whole organismCellular totipotency
Cellular totipotency stated byGerman botanist haberlandt in 1902
Cellular totipotency experimentally demonstrated bySteward
Cellular totipotency used inTissue culture Micro propagation Production virus frree plants Artificial seed production
Smallest cell without cell wallMycoplasma
Smallest bacteria, cell with cell wallDialister pneumosintes
Largest isolated animal cellOstrich egg
Largest unicellular plantAcetobularia: single celled green algae
Largest plant cellFibre of ramie, 55 cm
Scientific name of fibre of ramie and its familyBoehmiria nivea, family: Urticaceae
Longest animal cellNerve fibre or nerve cell
Longest prokaryotic cellSpirillum volutans
any flagellated aerobic bacteria having a spirally twisted rodlike formSpirillum
Erythrocyte RBCDont have nucleus, biconcave disc like in shape
blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense systemLeucocyte
a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleuserythrocyte cells
Leucocyte typesGranulocyte: 1. Neutophils 2.Eosinophils 3.Basophils Agranulocytes: 1. Monocyte 2. Lymphocytes
the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyesneutrophils
a leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stainsbasophil
a leukocyte readily stained with eosinEosinophil
a type of agranular leukocyte that functions in the ingestion of bacteriaMonocyte
an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infectionLymphocyte
a B vitamin that is essential for metabolism of amino acids and starchPyridoxine
an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobinThalassemia
Microcytic RBCPyridoxine deficiency anaemia Thalassemia Iron deficiency anaemia
a B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and reproductionFolate
Macrocytic RBCvitamin b12 or folate deficiency anaemia Liver disease MDS Chemotherapy, example: methotrexate
Neurons and glial cellsBrain
HepatocyteLiver
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytesLiver
used to separate cell components based on size and densitycell fractionation
material that has been homogenized especially tissue that has been ground and mixed)homogenate
it gives a series of pellets containing different cell componentsdifferential centrifugation
homogenate centirifuged at 1000g for 10 mins givespellets rich in nuclie and cellular debris
homogenate centirifuged at 20000g for 20 min givespellet rich in mitochondria and chloroplast if cells are from plant cell
homogenate centirifuged at 80000g for 60 min givespellets rich in microsomes: pieces of plasma membrane and cells' internal membranes
homogenate centirifuged at 150000g for 3hr givespellets rich in ribosomes
attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotic cell; not visible in TEMFimbriae
region where the prokaryotic cells' DNA is located; not enclosed by a membranenucleoid
membrane enclosing the cytoplasmaplasma membrane
rigid structure outside the plasma membranecell wall
outer coating of many prokaryotes, consisting of a capsule or a slime layerglycocalyx
a lash-like appendage used for locomotion e.g.,in some bacteria and protozoa)flagellum
in plasma membrane the bilayer is made up ofphospholipid with various protiens
more surface are per volumesmall cell
lesser surface area per volumelarge cell
size of cell determined by*requirement of nutrients and oxygen* *regulating ability of its nucleus
imp factors contributing in size of cells are?*nucleocytoplasmic ratio* *surface area of the cell*
omni cllula ex vivo meansall life comes from life given by pasteur
to become efficient large cell try to increase their surface area per volume by developingmicrovilli, becomes flat and long tubular
unorganised but actively dividing mass of undifferentiated cellscallus
four basic shapes of prokaryotes.1 bacillus: rod shaped; 2 coccus: spherical; 3 vibrio: comma; 4 spirillum: spiral.
all prokaryotes have cell wall exceptmycoplasma
any of a group of small parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infectionmycoplasma
in prokaryotes small DNA outside genophore is calledplasmid
a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replicationplasmid
plasmid dna in bacteria is used inmonitoring bacterial transformation with foreign DNA
specialized structures formed by convulated invagination of cytoplamic membrane in prokaryotes is calledmesosomes
mesosome of prokaryote is analogous tomitochondria
genetic material in prokaryotes consists ofdouble stranded circular DNA