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level: Neurotransmission

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Neurotransmission

QuestionAnswer
sac-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicalssynaptic vesicles
chemical found in synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cellneurotransmitters
microscopic fluid-filled space between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites or soma of the next cellsynapse
presynaptic membraneending vesicles of axon
surface of the dendrite next to the axonpostsynaptic membrane
proteins on surface of dendrites or cells of muscles/glands, shaped to fit only certain neurotransmittersreceptor sites
synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving of a cellexcitatory synapse
synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firinginhibitory synapse
first neurotransmitter to be identified. Found at synapses between neurons and muscle cellsacetycholine ACh
chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters (curare drug-paralization)antagonists
chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing of decreasing the activity of that cell (black widow bite-convulsions/possible death)agonists
antagonistblocked ACh
area in brain responsible for forming new memorieshippocampus
a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotensiondopamine (DA)
a neurotransmitter involved in sleep and depression and memoryserotonin
nervous system's major excitatory neurotransmitterglutamate
ability of brain to change connections among it's neuronssynaptic plasticity
parkinson'sToo little dopamine
schizophreniaToo much dopamine
overactivation, neuronal damage, cell death after stroke, head injury, degenerative diseases (Alz)Too much glutamate
most common neurotransmitter producing inhibition in braingamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
angonistalcohol & GABA
group of substances that can serve as neurotransmitters or hormones or influence the action of other neurotransmittersneuropeptides
pain controlling chemicals in bodyendorphins
body does not produce endorphinsheroin and morphine
process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles after action potentialreuptake
blocks reuptake processcocaine
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactionsenzyme
the process of (instead of reuptake) ACh being broken apart by an enzyme, cleaning the synaptic gap quicklyenzymatic degradation
mimic/enhance effects of neurotransmittersdrugs acting as agonists
agonists for GABAanti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines)
blocking or reducing a cell's responses to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmittersdrugs acting as antagonists
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (block reuptake of seratonin)SSRIs