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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
a. When the outside wx is IFR(less than 3 sm vis, 1000’ ceiling), we have to file ifr flight plan and receive clearance b. Do not confuse with class G cloud separation. If you are in class G and under 1200 agl, you need to have 1 sm vis and clear of cloud. However, it is low altitude operation. You must know what you are doing.When are we required to file IFR flight plan and obtain IFR clearance before we go?
Yes, as long as the wx in destination allows you to descend from enroute minimum obstruction altitude to approach airport in VFR condition, you can file it.Could you file an IFR flight plan to an airport which does not have any published instrument approach?
123 rules: ETA to destination +/-1 hr, minimum 2000’ceiling, 3 sm vis.Do we need an alternate airport in IFR flight plan? 123 rule
Precision-600’ceiling 2 mile vis(ILS, PAR, MLS) i. For alternate purpose: only ILS/PAR/MLS approach count as precision approach ii. For minimum altitude in approach purpose: any approach provides you lateral and vertical guidance count as precision approach.Alternate airport requirement (precision)
Non-precision : 800’ ceiling, 2 miles visAlternate airport requirement (non-precision)
i. ETA+/- 1hr to your alternate airport, the wx must be VFR (at least 3 sm, 1000’ceiling) ii. No adverse condition (icing, thunderstorm...etc)UD: Always file an alternate
Enough fuel to fly to your destination and alternate (if required) and plus 45 mins in cruising power Fuel to your destination + at least 1 approach fuel + fuel to destination+ at least 1 approach fuel+ 45 minsifr fuel requirement?
i. Part 91: 0/0 ii. Part 121/135: 1. 2 engines or less: 1 mile vis 2. 3 engine or more: 1⁄2 mile vis iii. AIM expects pilot to cross departure end of runway at 35 ft AGL and maintain 200 ft per nm until 400 feet AGL before turning to any assigned heading or course.IFR take off requirement (standard)
Check ODP or SID for each different airportIFR take off requirement (non-standard)
i. Every 24 months-flight review ii. To carry passenger-preceding 90 days 1. Day 3 take off and landing 2. Night (1 hr after sunset to 1 hr before sunrise) 3 take off and landing in full stopCurrency requirement (Private Pilot)
The month you want to fly preceding 6 calendar months, 1. 6 app/1 holding/1 track and intercept nav source ii. 2nd 6 months 1. Must find CFII or safety pilots to complete the currency requirement 2. IPC(instrument proficiency check)Currency requirement (IFR Pilot Same month and 2nd 6months)
iii. Over 12 months, 1. IPC or instrument checkride iv. You must have either simulated time or actual time to log the approach 1. See FAA order for additional requirementCurrency requirement (IFR Pilot over 12 months)
a. Airworthiness b. Registration for federal and state i. FAA only cares about the federal ii. Federal registration will expired every 3 yrs. c. Radio license (aircraft) for international operation d. POH e. W&B f. G1000 quick reference guideAircraft Documents
annual 12 month inspection VOR- 30 Days 100 Hour Altimeter/pitot static system 24 month Transponder 24 ELT 12/1 hour/half life A.D'sAircraft Inspections (AV1ATEA)
With tower ATC Without tower call FSS or center/clearance deliveryProcedure to receive IFR clearance
Clearance limit Route Altitude Frequency Transponder codeIFR Clearance Format (CRAFT)
Visibility not less than IAP Normal Rate of decent/ Normal maneuvers Runway environment (REILS PAINT) VASI Other approach light (descend 100' above tdze)When are pilots allowed to descend below minimum in a published approach?
A-Altitude C-Cant keep 500 fpm M-Missed appro E-Equipment Mal W-WX Unfor A-Airspeed +- 10 kn S-Safety/HoldingRequired report (Radar Environment ACMEWASH)
i. FAF/OM ii. ETA+/- greater than 3 mins iii. Compulsory reporting point 1. Report position/time/altitude and ETA to next report point 2. Next point/next point after thatRequired report (Non radar environment)
VFR-stay in VFR, landing asaplost comm procedures vfr
1. Assigned 2. Expected 3. Minimum obstruction clearance altitudeLost Comm IFR (altitude)
1. Assigned 2. Vectored 3. Expected 4. Filed iii. If clearance limit is IAF, arrive IAF as close as ETA time and shoot the approach iv. If clearance limit is not IAF, arrive clearance limit as close as ETA time, then depart to IAF to shoot approach.Lost Comm IFR (Route)
i. MHA(minimum holding altitude)-6000MSL: 200 kts ii. 6000-14000:230kt iii. 14000 up: 265kt Standard holding leg(inbound) i. 14000 below: 1 min ii. 14000 above: 1.5minsHolding procedure (Speed and standard hold) ATC will assign i. Direction/fix/radial/turn/EFC EFC (expected further clearance time) time i. If you do not receive any further clearance after EFC time, you are considered as lost communication.
i. Airspeed indicator ii. Tachometer iii. Oil pressure iv. Manifold pressure gauge(constant propeller) v. Altimeter vi. Temperature gauge(liquid cool engine) vii. Oil temperatureVFR DAY (ATOMATO)
ix. Landing gear position indicator(retractable landing gear) x. Anticollision light xi. Magnetic direction indicator xii. ELT xiii. Seatbelt and suitable survival gearVFR DAY (FLAMES)
i. Fuses ii. Landing light (required for hire) iii. Anticollion light iv. Position light v. Source of electricityFLAPS(VFR Night)
Generator, Radio suitable navigation equipment Attitude Indicator ,Ball Clock w/second, Adjustable altimeter Rate of turn, Directional gyro DME-above FL240GRABCARD(IFR)
GPS system use extra satellite to monitor other satellites. All IFR GPS must have RAIM function to ensure GPS reliability. RAIM not available = Do not trust your GPS LOI: lack of integrity=Do not trust your GPSRAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
A GPS system to enhance the GPS accuracy FAA thinks GPS without WAAS is not independent enough.WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
a. You cannot use LPV, LNAV/VNAV(if your VNAV information is from WAAS), and LP minimums in GPS approach b. You must have alternative navigation equipment on board. The alternative navigation equipment cannot be based on satellite.EX: VOR,DME, IRU...etc c. Either your destination airport or alternate airport must have other than GPS approach. (USE FDE TO CHECK RAIM B4 DEPART)GPS without WAAS
RNAV(GPS) – we can do itRNAV (GPS) approach
We cannot do it. Required special training for crew member, required special aircraft equipment, and part 91 operator needs to have a letter of authorization from FAARNAV (RNP) approach
i. Tell what you need to do if you have any equipment failure ii. If anything is not listed in MEL, you must find AMT to check it iii. Advantage: easy to determine airworthy condition iv. Disadvantage: expensive, each airplane must have its own MELInoperative equipment- MEL-minimum equipment list
i. 91.205 ATOMATO FLAMES FLAPS GRABCARD ii. Kinds of equipment list (Cessna POH section 2) iii. Comprehensive equipment list (Cessna POH section 6) iv. A.D v. PIC vi. If you determine you are legal and comfortable to go, you need to do something 1. Remove the equipment and recalculate W&B 2. Or, placard and deactive it.Inoperative equipment
Pilot Aircraft Environment External pressureRisk Management (PAVE)
Illness, Medical, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue (Chronic/acute), Eating/EmotionsPAVE-Pilot (IM SAFE)
ATOMATOFLAMES - VFR DAY FLAPS-VFR NIGHTPAVE-AIRPLANE
R- Runway length and distance A- ATC delays, known W- weather WX F- Fuel A- Alternate information T- take and landing distancePAVE Environment (RAWFAT)
Pilot license Medical Government issued id CurrencyPilot Documents
ICET /ICE i. Indicated airspeed ii. Calibrated airspeed(IAS corrected by instrument installed position error) iii. Equivalent airspeed(CAS corrected by compression error, airspeed greater than 200kt) iv. True airspeed(equivalent airspeed corrected by density error)Types of Airspeed
Indicated altitude Pressure altitude-altitude above standard datum plane(29.92) Density altitude-pressure altitude corrected by non-standard temperature Absolute altitude-AGL True altitude-altitude of airplane above MSLTypes of altitude
Airspeed 0, altimeter +-75 ft of field ele, attitude indicator bank no less than 5 deg and pitch should slightly be above horizon, Ball = opposite, Rate of turn goes same direction,VSI=0Instrument check during taxi
East magnetic course (0-179): odd thousand West magnetic course (180-359): even thousandIFR Cruising altitude
1. Obstruction clearance-1000 feet normal area, 2000 ft in mountain area 2. Nav reception guaranteeIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MEA-minimum enroute altitude
1. Obstruction clearance-1000 feet normal area, 2000 ft in mountain area 2. Nav reception guarantee within 22 nm from nav stationIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MOCA-minimum obstruction clearance altitude
1. Obstruction clearance-1000 feet normal area, 2000 ft in mountain areaIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) OROCA-off route obstruction clearance altitude
1. Obstruction clearance-1000 feet normal area, 2000 ft in mountain area 2. Guarantee nav radio reception-usually use to identify the waypointIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MRA-Minimum reception altitude
1. Obstruction clearance-1000 feet normal area, 2000 ft in mountain area 2. Must arrive to the altitude at the pointIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MCA-minimum crossing altitude
maximum authorized altitudeIFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MAA =
1. Minimum altitude ATC will vector you(you won’t see it in chart)IFR Altitude Low IFR Enroute chart(updated every 56 days, each chart has its own scale) MVA-minimum vectoring altitude
i. DH/DA-decision height/altitude 1. A specified altitude in the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference have not been established ii. MDA-minimum descent altitude 1. A specified altitude in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent may not be made without visual referenceIFR altitude-Approach plate(updated every 56 days) DH/DA/MDA??
a. ABCDE b. check your Vref or Vso*1.3. c. check your digital supplement for approach plate i. category A: 0-90 kt ii. category B:90-120ktIFR approach plate category's?
a. Category A :1.3 nm b. Category B: 1.5nmIFR approach plate circle distance (check the digital supplement)
a. D notam-airport environment b. FDC notam- from Flight Data Center-IAP change or airspace change c. NOTAM (book) i. Published every 28days ii. All FDC notam longer than 28 days should be in the book iii. Include sectional chart and IFR chart changeNOTAM's
a. Snow sign on approach plate b. When Ground reported temperature is at or below the specified temperature, you have to increase the altitude on each point based on cold temperature correction table. You do not adjust the altimeter settingCold temperature correction
a. Simplified directional finder b. Wider than LOC i. Each side is either 6 or 12 degrees c. Maybe offset the runwaySDF approach
a. Localizer type directional aid b. Not align the rwy c. May have glideslope (you will treat it like DA in precision approach, but for alternate airport purpose, it is non-precision approach)LDA approach
a. Radar approach b. ATC will tell you what to doPAR/ASR approach
a. You cannot descent below MDA even you have runway environment insight. You are allowed to decent below minimum when you pass VDP and have runway environment insight.VDP-visual descent point
a. A- the English letter mean the approach does not align with the runway. Circle minimun onlyVOR/DME A
The either X/Y/Z letter mean there are multiple similar approaches for the same runwayGPS X/Y/Z
a. Visible moisture and temperature is close to freeze b. We cannot fly in icing conditionIcing condition
i. Zulu-moderate icing ii. Tango-moderate turbulence/sustained surface winds is 30 kt or greater iii. Sierra-mountain obstruration/IFRAirmet-max 6 hr
i. Severe turbulence / icing ii. Duststorm/sandstorm iii. Volcano ashSigmet-max 4 hr
i. Convective activities ii. Surface wind greater than or equal 50kt iii. Hail at surface is 3⁄4 inch or greater in diameter iv. Tornado, v. Thunderstorm vi. Squall line cover at least 60 miles with thunderstom affecting at least 40 % of its length vii. An area of ts affecting at least 3000 square miles covering at least 40 %Convective segment-max 2 hr
Hypoxic hypemic stagnant histotoxicHypoxia 4 types
To much oxygen, to fix get them talking to slow the breathing rateHyperventilation
8 hr bottle to throttle .04% can not be under any effects IE - hungover/buzzedAlcohol