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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
the pacemaker of the heartsinoatrail node (SA)
slows the conduction rate to allow for complete contractionatrioventricular node (AV)
increases the conduction velocity and relays the impulses through to the ventriclesatrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
relays conduction into the right and left ventriclesright and lefts bundle branches
the subendocardial branches of the bundle branches, conduct impulses throughout both ventricles so they contract simultaneously and in synchronypurkinje fibres
unique gap junctions in cardiac muscle. allow for fast synchronised contraction of cardiac muscleintercalated discs
an action potential of a membrane to become positive and create an electrical impulse that causes a mechanical action of contraction (systole)depolarise
the negative state of a membrane that follows the depolarisation phase of an action potential of a membrane, rest phase (diastole)repolarise
heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chamberssystole
heart relaxes and widens between contractions to allow chambers time to fill with blooddiastole
sounds on auscultation, the first hear sound, generated by closure of the AV valves = S1lub
heart sounds on auscultation. the second heart sound, generated by the closure of the SL valves = S2dub
an abnormal heart sound, often a 'swishing' sound due to increase turbulence around a valve due to either an incompetent valve or a stenotic valve.murmur
valve that does not function properly, due to either non closure (floppy valve) or inability of blood to go through (stenotic valve)incompetent valve
narrowing of a heart valve, resulting in inability of blood to be pushed throughstenotic valve
heart beating to fast, over 100 bpmtachycardia
heart beating to slow, under 60 bpmbradycardia
60-100 bpmresting adult heart rate