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level: Free Radical Injury

Questions and Answers List

Question	Answer
Chemical speices with an unpaired electron in their outer orbit	Free radicals
During oxidative phosphorylation through partial reduction of O2 via cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV)	Physiologic generation of free radicals
Superoxide (O2-), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Hydroxyl free radical (OH-)	Free radical species in the body
Hydroxyl free radical	Most damaging free radical
Hydrolyzes water to hydroxyl free radical	Ionizing radiation
NADPH oxidase formes superoxide ion during oxygen-dependent killing	Inflammation
Rection of iron and hydrogen peroxide to form hydroxyl free radicals	Fenton reaction
Increased serum iron levels resulting to tissue damage via free radical formation	Hemochromatosis
Elevated copper levels resulting to tissue damage via free radical formation	Wilson's disease
Drug metabolism generates free radicals	CYP450 system
Peroxidation of lipids and DNA damage	Mechanism of cellular injury by free radicals
O2- -> H2O2 (mitochondria)	Superoxide dismutase
Utilizes glutathione to convert a free radical to water in mitochondria	Glutathione peroxidase
H2O2 -> O2 + H2O (peroxisome)	Catalase
Iron-binding protein in blood	Transferrin
Copper-binding protein in blood	Cerulopasmin
Coverted to CCl3- by CYP450 -> cellular injury -> decreased apolipoprotein synthesis -> fatty changes in liver	Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
Leads to continued rise in cardiac enzymes post-reperfusion	Reperfusion injury