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level: Level 1 of TOXIC RESPONSES OF THE SKIN

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of TOXIC RESPONSES OF THE SKIN

Question	Answer
I. CONTACT DERMATITIS list	A. Irritant Dermatitis B. Chemical Burns C. Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis falls into 2 major categories:	- Irritant dermatitis - Allergic dermatitis
1 Immediate response with the substances. 2 Delayed hypersensitivity reaction	1 Irritant dermatitis 2 Allergic dermatitis
(Irritant dermatitis, Allergic dermatitis) Both categories involves inflammatory processes and they have clinical manifestation of:	- Erythema (redness of the skin) - Induration (thickening and firmness of the skin) - Scaling (flaking of the skin) - Vesiculation (blistering), especially in areas that have direct contact with chemical agents
1 (redness of the skin) 2 (thickening and firmness of the skin) 3 (flaking of the skin) 4 (blistering), especially in areas that have direct contact with chemical agents	1 Erythema 2 Induration 3 Scaling 4 Vesiculation
- usually experienced when coming in direct contact with different substances or agents on the skin. happens if the agent concentration is high and if there is repeated or long term exposure with substances	Irritant Dermatitis
Irritant Dermatitis - happens if the agent concentration is high and if there is repeated or long term exposure with substances such as:	- Strong acids - Alkalis - Powerful Oxidizing agents - Reducing agents
(Irritant Dermatitis) Some plants (trichomes) can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes:	- Interleukin 1 alpha - Interleukin 1 beta - Necrosis Factor (NF) alpha
- repeated exposure to mild irritants such as: - Soaps - Detergents - Solvents - Cutting oils	Chronic cumulative irritation
has the tendency to produce an exaggerated IgE to allergens. They are more sensitive than the average individual	Atopic individuals
1 occurs because of the exposure to corrosive and reactive chemicals. Can develop third degree burns 2 - the burn can go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues 3 removal of a skin layer.	1 Chemical Burns 2 Third Degree Chemical Burn 3 Sloughing
(ulceration and sloughing)	Coagulative Necrosis Tissue Damage CNTD
- has delayed hypersensitivity reaction. It can elicit a reaction even at smaller doses. In order for the substance to induce sensitization/reaction, the chemical must penetrate the skin and become attached to carrier proteins	Allergic Contact Dermatitis
1 Antigens should react and attach first to __ in the lymph nodes before it can render a reaction. 2 However, subsequent exposure to the same antigen will result in an amplified immune response that is characterized by __&__	1) type 1 T-helper cells 2 Dermal Infiltration and Spongiosis.
1 there is an influx or accumulation of macrophages and mast cells in the blood vessels 2 - is characterized by papillae.	1 Dermal Infiltration 2 Spongiosis