| The process of generating a potential difference (voltage) across a conductor by moving it at right-angles to a magnetic field or by moving a magnet into a coil of wire. | Electromagnetic Induction |
| What is needed for an electric current to flow in a conductor? | A potential difference (voltage) is needed for an electric current to flow in a conductor. |
| The phenomenon of inducing a potential difference (voltage) in a conductor when it is moved in a magnetic field or when a magnet is moved into a coil of wire. | Generator Effect |
| What are the two main methods of inducing a potential difference in a conductor? | The two main methods are moving a conductor at right-angles to a magnetic field and moving a magnet into a coil of wire. |
| A wire or coil that is in motion, perpendicular to a magnetic field. | Moving Conductor |
| What happens when a conductor is moved at right-angles to a magnetic field? | A potential difference is induced across the conductor, leading to the flow of an electric current. |
| A closed pathway that allows the flow of an electric current. | Complete Circuit |
| What is required for electromagnetic induction to produce a current? | Electromagnetic induction produces a current if the conductor is part of a complete circuit. |
| A winding or loop of wire used in electromagnetic induction. | Coil of Wire |
| How does moving a magnet into a coil of wire induce a potential difference? | The changing magnetic field, caused by moving a magnet into a coil of wire, induces a potential difference in the coil, leading to the generation of a current. |
| The voltage or electrical pressure that drives the flow of an electric current in a circuit. | Potential Difference |
| What is the role of potential difference in electromagnetic induction? | Potential difference is essential for inducing a current in a conductor through electromagnetic induction. |
| The orientation of the moving conductor concerning the magnetic field, which enhances electromagnetic induction. | Right-Angles to Magnetic Field |
| Why is moving a conductor at right-angles to a magnetic field effective in inducing a potential difference? | Moving a conductor at right-angles to a magnetic field maximizes the induction of a potential difference, leading to the generation of a current. |
| The process of inducing an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in a conductor by changing the magnetic field around it. | Electromagnetic Induction |
| How is electromagnetic induction used to generate electricity in the laboratory? | In the laboratory, a coil of wire is spun between two magnets using a handle. The changing magnetic field induces a small amount of electricity in the coil. |
| A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. | Generator |
| What is the purpose of a generator in the context of electromagnetic induction? | A generator utilizes electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy (from steam, water, or wind) into electrical energy on a larger scale. |
| A device that captures energy from a moving fluid (liquid or gas) and converts it into mechanical energy. | Turbine |
| How is a turbine connected to a generator in power stations? | In power stations, a turbine, turned by steam, water, or wind, is connected to a generator to produce electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. |
| The voltage or electrical potential difference induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field. | Electromotive Force (EMF) |
| What is induced in the coil of a generator during electromagnetic induction? | Electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the coil of a generator, resulting in the generation of electrical energy. |
| The generation of electricity on a significant scale, typically in power stations, using processes like steam, water, or wind to turn turbines connected to generators. | Large-Scale Electricity Generation |
| How is electromagnetic induction employed for large-scale electricity generation in power stations? | In power stations, electromagnetic induction is used on a large scale by connecting a turbine (turned by steam, water, or wind) to a generator with a large coil of wire and magnets. The rotating coil generates electrical energy through induction. |
| A device that uses the generator effect to produce an alternating current (a.c.) by rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field. | Alternator |
| What is the function of an alternator? | An alternator generates an alternating current by utilizing the generator effect, achieved through the rotation of a coil of wire in a magnetic field. |
| The process by which a potential difference (voltage) is induced in a conductor when it moves through a magnetic field. | Generator Effect |
| How does an alternator create an alternating current? | An alternator creates an alternating current by rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field, inducing a changing potential difference in the coil. |
| A winding of wire forming a coil, typically used in generators and alternators. | Coil of Wire (solenoid) |
| What rotates in an alternator to induce a potential difference? | A coil of wire rotates in an alternator to induce a potential difference. |
| Conductive rings connected to the coil in an alternator, allowing the current to pass to the external circuit. | Slip Rings |
| What is the purpose of slip rings in an alternator? | Slip rings enable the current generated in the rotating coil to pass to the external circuit in an alternator. |
| An electric current that periodically reverses direction, changing its polarity. | Alternating Current (A.C.) |
| What type of current does an alternator produce? | Alternators produce an alternating current (a.c.). |
| The voltage produced in a conductor due to the generator effect, resulting from its motion in a magnetic field. | Induced Potential Difference |
| How is an induced potential difference created in an alternator? | An induced potential difference is created in an alternator as the coil of wire rotates in the magnetic field, generating changing voltages. |
| A visual depiction, often in the form of a graph, illustrating the relationship between variables or parameters. | Graph Representation |
| What does the graph in alternators illustrate about potential difference in the coil? | The graph illustrates that the potential difference in the coil is greatest when the coil is horizontal and zero when the coil is vertical. |
| A device that employs the generator effect to produce a direct current (d.c.) by rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field. | Dynamo |
| What is the primary function of a dynamo? | A dynamo is designed to generate a direct current by utilizing the generator effect through the rotation of a coil of wire in a magnetic field. |
| A device in a dynamo that consists of two half rings of conducting material, allowing the current to flow in the same direction while the coil rotates. | Split Ring Commutator |
| How does a split ring commutator differ from slip rings in a dynamo? | Unlike slip rings, a split ring commutator in a dynamo allows the current to flow in the same direction, ensuring a unidirectional flow in the external circuit. |
| A rotary switch or device in a dynamo that reverses the direction of current flow in the coil, maintaining a unidirectional current in the external circuit. | Commutator |
| What is the role of the commutator in a dynamo? | The commutator in a dynamo reverses the direction of current flow in the coil, ensuring a continuous unidirectional current in the external circuit. |
| An electric current that flows in one direction, maintaining a constant polarity. | Direct Current (D.C.) |
| What type of current does a dynamo produce? | Dynamos produce a direct current (d.c.). |
| A visual depiction, often in the form of a graph, illustrating the relationship between variables or parameters. | Graph Representation |
| How is the unidirectional flow of current represented in the graph for dynamos? | The graph illustrates the consistent unidirectional flow of current due to the use of a split ring commutator. |
| A device that utilizes the generator effect to transform sound waves into electrical signals, converting variations in pressure into variations in electrical current. | Microphone |
| What is the primary function of a microphone in the context of the generator effect? | A microphone serves to convert sound waves into electrical signals by employing the generator effect. |
| The phenomenon where a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in a conductor, leading to the generation of an electrical current. | Generator Effect |
| How does a microphone use the generator effect to convert sound waves into electrical signals? | When sound waves impact the diaphragm of a microphone, the diaphragm vibrates, causing a coil to move within a magnetic field. This movement generates a current through the generator effect. |
| A thin membrane in a microphone that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting the vibrations to other components. | Diaphragm |
| What role does the diaphragm play in the microphone's operation? | The diaphragm, when struck by sound waves, vibrates to mimic the frequency and amplitude of the sound, initiating the process of converting sound into electrical signals. |
| A component in a microphone that moves within a magnetic field, generating an electric current as a result of the generator effect. | Coil |
| How does the coil contribute to the generation of electrical current in a microphone? | The coil, set in motion by the vibrations from the diaphragm within a magnetic field, induces an electric current through the generator effect. |
| The voltage or electrical potential difference induced in a conductor when exposed to a changing magnetic field, as described by the generator effect. | Electromotive Force (EMF) |
| What is the significance of electromotive force in the operation of a microphone? | The induced electromotive force, resulting from the movement of the coil in the magnetic field, leads to the generation of an electrical current in the microphone. |
| The region around a magnet or current-carrying conductor where magnetic forces are exerted on other magnets or conductors. | Magnetic Field |
| How does the interaction with a magnetic field contribute to the generator effect in a microphone? | The movement of the coil within the magnetic field is crucial for the generator effect, inducing current in the microphone. |
| A closed path or loop through which an electric current can flow, comprising various components such as resistors, coils, and capacitors. | Electrical Circuit |
| What is the ultimate outcome of the generator effect in a microphone within an electrical circuit? | The generator effect results in the generation of electrical current, representing the converted electrical signals, which can then be processed within an electrical circuit. |
| A device that converts electrical signals into sound waves, utilizing the motor effect to produce vibrations in a cone or diaphragm, leading to the creation of sound. | Loudspeaker |
| What is the primary function of a loudspeaker, and what effect does it employ to produce sound? | A loudspeaker transforms electrical signals into sound waves by using the motor effect. It generates vibrations in a cone or diaphragm, resulting in the production of sound. |
| The phenomenon where a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force, leading to mechanical movement or vibration. | Motor Effect |
| How does the motor effect contribute to the operation of loudspeakers and headphones? | In loudspeakers and headphones, an alternating current induces an electromagnetic field in a coil. The interaction between this field and a permanent magnet generates a force, causing the cone or diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound. |
| An electric current that reverses direction periodically, commonly used to transmit electrical energy. | Alternating Current (AC) |
| What type of current is sent through the coil in loudspeakers and headphones, and why is it essential for their operation? | An alternating current is sent through the coil. The constant change in direction of this current contributes to the vibrations of the cone or diaphragm, producing sound. |
| A wire or conductor wound into a spiral or loop, often used in electromagnetic devices. | Coil (solenoid) |
| How does the coil in loudspeakers and headphones play a role in generating sound? | The coil, when subjected to an alternating current, generates an electromagnetic field, initiating the motor effect and leading to mechanical movement in the cone or diaphragm. |
| A region around a conductor or coil where magnetic forces are exerted when an electric current is present. | Electromagnetic Field |
| What role does the electromagnetic field play in the motor effect within loudspeakers and headphones? | The alternating current in the coil produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with a permanent magnet, generating a force that drives the vibration of the cone or diaphragm. |
| A cone-shaped component in a loudspeaker or headphone that vibrates in response to the motor effect, producing sound waves. | Cone |
| How does the movement of the cone contribute to the creation of sound in loudspeakers and headphones? | The vibrations of the cone, induced by the motor effect, create variations in air pressure, resulting in the production of sound waves. |
| A thin membrane or sheet in a loudspeaker or headphone that vibrates to generate sound. | Diaphragm |
| Besides a cone, what other component might be used in loudspeakers and headphones to convert electrical signals into sound waves? | In addition to a cone, a diaphragm is another component that can be used to vibrate and generate sound in loudspeakers and headphones. |
