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level: Weathering and Mass Movement

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Weathering and Mass Movement

QuestionAnswer
Natural processes that break down rocks.Weathering
What are the three main types of weathering?Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering.
The type of weathering where living organisms contribute to the breakdown of rocks.Biological Weathering
Provide an example of biological weathering.Plant roots pushing cracks in rocks apart.
The process of rock breakdown where the chemical composition remains unchanged, also known as physical weathering.Mechanical Weathering
What is the main type of mechanical weathering that affects coastlines?Freeze-thaw weathering.
A type of mechanical weathering where water fills a crack in a rock, freezes, expands, and causes the crack to widen and deepen.Freeze-Thaw Weathering
How does freeze-thaw weathering contribute to erosion on coastlines?The process of freezing and melting widens cracks in rocks, leading to erosion over time.
The process of rock breakdown where the chemical composition of the rock changes.Chemical Weathering
What can dissolve in rain to create carbonic acid in chemical weathering?Carbon dioxide.
Acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater, contributing to chemical weathering.Carbonic Acid
Which parts of the rock are dissolved by carbonic acid in rainfall during chemical weathering?Parts of the rock made of calcium carbonate.
Processes where large amounts of rock, soil, or other Earth materials move down a slope due to the influence of gravity.Mass Movement
What are the three main factors causing mass movements?Weathering, erosion, and gravity.
The point in a body or system around which its mass or weight is evenly distributed or balanced.Centre of Gravity
How can small changes over time make a cliff prone to mass movement?Changes that shift the center of gravity of a cliff over the sea instead of over land can make it unstable and prone to mass movement.
The large-scale movement of soil and rock down the slope of a hill or cliff.Mass Movement
What is mass movement?The movement of soil and rock down a slope of a hill or cliff.
A type of mass movement characterized by material moving down a slope in a curved manner.Slumps
How do slumps typically occur?Material moves down a slope at a curve in a slump.
A type of mass movement where cliff materials break and crumble down the cliff.Rockfalls
What is a rockfall?It occurs when materials from a cliff break and crumble down the cliff.
A type of mass movement where materials move down a slope in a straight line.Slides
What is a slide in the context of mass movement?It is a type of mass movement where materials move down a slope in a straight line.
The wearing away of rock or soil by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice.Erosion
What are the two main natural forces causing erosion mentioned in the context of coastal erosion?Waves and wind.
The process through which the land is worn away by natural forces at the coast, often due to the action of waves and currents.Coastal Erosion
What role does the sea play in coastal erosion, and how does its energy contribute to erosion?The sea builds up a lot of energy, and its waves, carrying material, can move quickly and exert force, causing erosion to happen faster.
A type of erosion where pieces of material, picked up by waves, hit or scrape against the sea bed or the side of a cliff, wearing it away.Abrasion
How does abrasion contribute to erosion?The material carried by waves acts like sandpaper, wearing away the sea bed or cliff over time.
The process where the force of waves hitting against a cliff face causes the rock to break off.Hydraulic Action
What is the primary force behind hydraulic action?The force of waves hitting against the cliff face.
The process where different bits of material carried by waves in seawater hit against each other, causing them to break apart and become smaller and more rounded.Attrition
What is the result of attrition in coastal erosion?The fragments become smaller and more rounded as they break apart.
The process in coastal erosion where weak acids in seawater dissolve soluble rocks like chalk and limestone.Solution
What type of rocks are primarily affected by the solution process in coastal erosion?Soluble rocks like chalk and limestone are primarily affected by the solution process.