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level: CONTINUATION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: CONTINUATION

Question	Answer
measurement system is a measure of how close measurements are to the true value.	Accuracy
It is the degree to which repeated measures will produce the same results; how close the measures are to each other.	Precision
RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS – TWO GROUPS ARE FORMED): One is made up of ____ who receive the EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT	subjects
RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS – TWO GROUPS ARE FORMED): who receive a conventional treatment, a placebo, or no treatment at all.	CONTROL GROUP
TYPES OF CLINICAL STUDIES:Information that could bias the participant is held back	Single Blind Study
TYPES OF CLINICAL STUDIES:In clinical trials, the participant will not know if they are assigned to the true experimental group or a control group.	Single Blind Study
TYPES OF CLINICAL STUDIES:Subject does not know which group it is assigned to	Single Blind Study
TYPES OF CLINICAL STUDIES:Neither the researcher nor the participant is aware of the circumstance of the study.	Double – Blind Study
TYPES OF CLINICAL STUDIES:In this situation, the participant is randomly assigned to a group with the allocation held confidently by a third party.	Double – Blind Study
is a measure of the amount of true positives	Sensitivity
is a measure of the amount of true negatives	Specificity
Certification may be attained through ______,	American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO)
Certification may be recognized by _____	American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS)
Certification may be accredited by the______	Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:is a nonscientific method, but is often used by the medical examiner or coroner when there is no significant question as to who the individual is, his remains are intact and viewable, and the death was witnessed	Visual
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:tattoos, scars, piercings, subdermal body modification, id cards, jewelry, cell phone, etc	Visual
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:Another biometric method of identification that relies on unique characteristics of the skeleton is to compare postmortem radiographs with antemortem medical imaging and written records.	Anthropology or Radiology
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:Ex. bony anomalies, fractures, pathological lesions, medical or surgical hardware	Anthropology or Radiology
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:on accessible antemortem data	DNA analysis
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:may be the only viable method for identifying severely fragmented or degraded remains	DNA analysis
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:most common biometric method for identifying burned, decomposed, skeletonized and fragmented remains	Dental
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:Used in cases where the victim is no longer identifiable Ex. Mutilated person	Dental
hardest biological substance in the human body, and posterior teeth are well protected by soft tissues	Teeth Survive
TRUE or FALSE: No two individuals have the exact same dental features	TRUE
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:Even in mass fatality incidents, it is the most expedient method for identifying burned, fragmented and decomposed human remains.	Dental
METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION:An excellent biometric method of human identification if the soft tissue of the fingers is intact	Fingerprints
TRUE or FALSE: fingerprints can be changeable	FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: There are no two identical fingerprints	TRUE
It is the art and study of recording fingerprints as a means identification.	Dactylography
It is the art of identification	Dactyloscopy
It the study of the pores found on the papillary or friction ridges of the skin for purposes of identification.	Poroscopy
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Criminal − Typically, an investigation into a criminal death cannot begin until the victim has been ________	positively identified
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Marriage − Individuals from many religious backgrounds may not remarry unless their spouses are _____	confirmed deceased
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Monetary − The payment of pensions, life insurance and other benefits relies upon _____of death. − Ex. Ancestral inheritance, insurance	positive confirmation
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Burial − Many religions require that a positive identification be made prior to burial in a ______	geographic site
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Social − Society’s duty to preserve human rights and dignity beyond life begins with the basic premise of an ____	identity
COMMON REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: Closure − The identification of individuals _______ can bring sorrowful relief to family members. − Peace of mind for the families affected or left behind	missing for prolonged periods
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:Medical records, samples, and photographs taken prior to death.	Antemortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:Presumptive identification of the victim	Antemortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES: Antemortem Record Made most often by the _______− Include fingerprints, dental x–rays, body tissue samples, photographs of tattoos or other identifying the victim	investigating agency
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:Accurate documentation is the essence of all postmortem examinations.	Postmortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:By means of clinical charting, photographs, and postmortem radiographs, the forensic odontologist can precisely document the dental conditions that may lead to a positive identification	Postmortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:The examination of the dead body to determine the cause of death	Postmortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:We can likely obtain a good investigation when we have a copy of both	Comparison of Antemortem and Postmortem Record
FORENSIC DENTAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES:The stability of the ________ allows the process of antemortem and postmortem comparison	human dentition
The antemortem and postmortem data match in sufficient detail to establish that they are from the same individual. In addition, there are no irreconcilable discrepancies.	Positive identification
The antemortem and postmortem data have consistent features, but, due to the quality of either the postmortem remains or the antemortem evidence, it is not possible to positively establish dental identification.	Possible identification
The available information is insufficient to form the basis for a conclusion.	Insufficient evidence
The antemortem and postmortem data are clearly inconsistent. However, it should be understood that identification by exclusion is a valid technique in certain circumstances.	Exclusion
made most often by the investigating agencies. This is often based on circumstantial evidence and can assist in the accumulation of medical/dental records to be used in the scientific identification process. The location of the unidentified body may provide useful clues. If a decedent is found in a residence, one can establish a putative identification	Presumptive Identification