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level: Reactions of alkanes and alkenes (HARD)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Reactions of alkanes and alkenes (HARD)

QuestionAnswer
The combustion process that occurs when a hydrocarbon burns in an excess of oxygen, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water.Complete Combustion
What is complete combustion, and what are the products of this process?Complete combustion is the burning of a hydrocarbon in an excess of oxygen. The products of complete combustion are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.Hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons, and how do they participate in combustion reactions?Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. During combustion, hydrocarbons undergo reactions with oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water.
Saturated hydrocarbons consisting of single-bonded carbon atoms, following the general formula CnH2n+2.Alkanes
What are alkanes, and what is their general formula?Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons composed of single-bonded carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, with the general formula CnH2n.Alkenes
What are alkenes, and what is their general formula?Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n.
The addition of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen atoms during combustion reactions.Oxidation of Carbon and Hydrogen
What is the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen, and when does it occur?The oxidation of carbon and hydrogen involves the addition of oxygen during combustion reactions, occurring when hydrocarbons burn in the presence of excess oxygen.
Chemical reactions in which atoms or groups of atoms are added to a molecule.Addition Reactions
What are addition reactions, and what is their characteristic feature?Addition reactions involve the addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a molecule. In these reactions, the characteristic feature is the conversion of a double bond into a single bond, enabling the formation of new bonds.
A specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for its characteristic chemical properties.Functional Group
What is the functional group for alkenes, and why is it significant in reactions?The functional group for alkenes is the C=C double bond. It is significant because it is the part of the molecule that reacts with other substances, determining the chemical properties of alkenes.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, with the general formula CnH2n.Alkenes
Define alkenes and state their general formula.Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n.
A group of elements that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.Halogens
Which halogens can alkenes undergo addition reactions with?Alkenes can undergo addition reactions with halogens, such as bromine.
The carbon-carbon double bond in the structure of alkenes.C=C Double Bond
What happens to the C=C double bond in alkenes during addition reactions?In addition reactions, the C=C double bond becomes a single bond, allowing carbon atoms to form new bonds and resulting in the addition of atoms or groups to the molecule.
A chemical test used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes based on their reactivity with bromine water.Bromine Water Test
What is the purpose of the bromine water test, and what does it help distinguish between?The bromine water test is used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. It helps identify the presence of a double bond in alkenes, making them more reactive than alkanes.
The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.Reactivity
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond in their structure.
A chemical bond involving two pairs of shared electrons between two adjacent atoms.Double Bond
What structural feature in alkenes contributes to their increased reactivity?The presence of a double bond in alkenes contributes to their increased reactivity.
A solution of bromine dissolved in water, often orange in color.Bromine Water
What is the color change observed when alkenes react with bromine water?When alkenes react with bromine water, the solution changes from orange to colourless.
Saturated hydrocarbons containing only single carbon-carbon bonds, with the general formula CnH2n+2.Alkanes
Do alkanes react with bromine water in the same way as alkenes?No, alkanes do not react with bromine water in the same way as alkenes. Alkenes cause a color change (orange to colourless), while alkanes do not exhibit this reaction.