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level: Topic 1 3: specialised cells

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Topic 1 3: specialised cells

QuestionAnswer
What is specialised cells?Cells that have developed certain characteristics to perform a particular function.
How many cell types can a cell differentiate into?300 cell type
Animal cells can become specialised. What types of cells can they differentiate into?Nerve cell
What are sperm cells?They travel towards and fertilise the egg
What organelle can be found in the animal cell?Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, and cytoplasm
What is the function of mitochondria in a sperm cell?To transfer energy to the tail
What is the job of the acrosome in the sperm cell?Contains enzymes to breaks through the egg's outer layer
How many chromosomes are contained in the sperm?Half the full chromosome number
What are nerve cells for?Conduct electrical impulses
What are dendrites for in the nerve cell?Connect with other cells
What are axons features?Conduct electrical impulses in one direction
What are myelin sheath for?Insulate the impulse
What are the job of synapses?sends neurotransmitter chemical to another nerve cell or effector
What are muscle cells?Special proteins that slide past each other making muscle fibres contract
Give example of muscles cells that work involuntary.Cardiac and smooth muscle cells
Give example of muscles cells that work voluntary.Skeletal (striated/ striped)
Why would muscle cell require lots of mitochrondria?To transfer energy for these contractions
Why would there be glycogens in muscle cells?To store energy in the form of glucose
What type of specialised cell does not have a nucleus?Red blood cell
What organelle can be found in the plant cell?Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast
How does a plant cell do its job for photosynthesis?It does photosynthesis by trapping sunlight to make food
Where is a plant cell found on a plant?Leaf
Where is a plant cell based on?A palisade cell
What are root hair cells job?Absorb water and mineral ion from the soil
Where is root hair cell found?soil
Why do root hair cells have no chloroplasts?The root hair cells are underground and sunlight will not reach them
Why do root hair cells have long hair-like extension?To increase surface area for absorption
How does water move into the root hair cell?By osmosis
Why would root hair cells have many mitochondria?To fuel the active transport of mineral into the cell
Why is a large vacuole in the root hair cell needed?for water to move into by osmosis
What is a xylem cell needed for?Transport water and mineral ions from from the roots to the leaves
How is a xylem cell strengthened?From lignin
What is xylem made from?made from cells that have died and the cell wall is broken between them forming hollow tubes
What is a phloem needed for?Transport the products of photosynthesis (glucose) from the leaves to the rest of the plant
What is a phloem made from?Made from living cells where the cell wall has been broken down between cells to form sieve plates that allow sugar to flow freely by translocation
Where are companion cells found on a plant?On the side of a phloem cell that have many mitochondria to transfer energy to phloem cell
What is a transpiration streama stream where water and dissolved mineral ion get transported from the xylem to the leaf
What are stomata?Tiny holes that control gas exchange in leaves
What is the order of cellular organisation in multicellular organisms?Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What is the order of cellular organisation starting from the root hair to a plant?Root hair, Root tissue, Root, Transport system, plant
What is the order of cellular organisation with nerve cells?Nerve cells, nerve tissue, heart, circulatory system, human
What is the order of cellular organisation starting from muscles to human?Muscle, muscle tissue, intestine, digestive system, human
What is a cell?The building block of life
What is a tissue?A group of cells with similar structure and function
What is an organ?Tissue performing similar functions
What is an organ system?A group of organs working together to form an organ system
What is translocation?The movement of dissolved sugar and water through the phloem and leaf