| A resistor with a constant resistance value that does not change with variations in current or potential difference. | Fixed Resistor |
| How does the resistance of a fixed resistor behave with changes in current? | The resistance of a fixed resistor remains constant and does not change with variations in current. |
| A relationship between two quantities, where one quantity is directly proportional to the other, meaning they increase or decrease together by a constant factor. | Direct Proportionality |
| How is current related to potential difference in a fixed resistor? | The current through a fixed resistor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it. |
| The impact of temperature on the resistance of a component; for fixed resistors, resistance remains constant if the temperature is constant. | Temperature and Resistance |
| What condition is crucial for the direct proportionality of current and potential difference in a fixed resistor? | The temperature must remain constant for the current to be directly proportional to the potential difference in a fixed resistor. |
| Components whose resistance changes with variations in current or potential difference. | Variable Resistance Components |
| Give examples of components whose resistance changes with current. | Filament lamps and diodes are examples of components whose resistance changes with current. |
| A type of light bulb that contains a wire filament, and its resistance increases as it heats up when current flows through it. | Filament Lamp |
| How does the resistance of a filament lamp change with an increase in potential difference? | The resistance of a filament lamp increases with an increase in potential difference, as the temperature of the filament rises. |
| The store of energy associated with the random motion of particles in a substance. | Thermal Energy Store |
| What happens to the energy when a current flows through a filament lamp? | Some of the energy is transferred into the thermal energy store of the filament, causing it to heat up. |
| A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only, having a very high resistance in the reverse direction. | Diode |
| Why does a diode have a very high resistance in the reverse direction? | A diode's resistance is high in the reverse direction to prevent current flow in that direction. |
| A resistor that changes its resistance with variations in temperature, increasing at low temperatures and decreasing at high temperatures. | Thermistor |
| How can thermistors be used in circuits? | Thermistors can be used in circuits as temperature sensors or thermostats due to their resistance changes with temperature. |
| A resistor whose resistance depends on the intensity of light, having high resistance in low light and low resistance in bright light. | Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) |
| What is the resistance of an LDR in low levels of light? | In low levels of light (low light intensity), the resistance of an LDR is high. |
| The amount or brightness of light in a particular area. | Light Intensity |
| How can LDRs be used in circuits? | LDRs can be used in circuits that automatically control lights based on the surrounding light intensity. |
| A device that maintains a set temperature in a system by controlling the heating or cooling mechanisms. | Thermostat |
| How can thermistors be utilized in thermostat applications? | Thermistors can be used as temperature sensors in thermostats to regulate heating or cooling systems based on temperature changes. |
| A circuit used to test how resistance varies in different devices. | Resistance Testing Circuit |
| What components are essential in a resistance testing circuit? | An ammeter (in series to measure current) and a voltmeter (in parallel to measure potential difference) are essential components. |
| A device used to measure electric current in a circuit, typically connected in series. | Ammeter |
| How is an ammeter connected in the circuit for resistance testing? | An ammeter is connected in series with the device being tested to measure the current. |
| A device used to measure the potential difference (voltage) across a component in a circuit, typically connected in parallel. | Voltmeter |
| How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit for resistance testing? | A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the device being tested to measure the potential difference. |
| A resistor with an adjustable resistance, used to change the current in the circuit. | Variable Resistor |
| When testing a filament light bulb or diode, what is the purpose of the variable resistor? | The variable resistor is used to change the current in the circuit, especially when testing filament light bulbs or diodes. |
| A visual representation of the relationship between two variables, such as current and potential difference, resistance and temperature, or resistance and light intensity. | Graph |
| Why would you draw a graph of current against potential difference in some resistance tests? | Drawing a graph of current against potential difference helps visualize and analyze the behavior of components like filament light bulbs or diodes. |
| A resistor that changes its resistance with variations in temperature, commonly used as a temperature sensor. | Thermistor |
| What type of graph would you draw when testing a thermistor? | A graph of resistance against temperature is drawn when testing a thermistor. |
| A resistor whose resistance depends on the intensity of light. | Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) |
| What type of graph would you draw when testing an LDR? | A graph of resistance against light intensity is drawn when testing an LDR. |
