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level: Fractional distillation of crude oil

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Fractional distillation of crude oil

QuestionAnswer
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.Crude Oil Composition
What is crude oil composed of?Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
The mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated into useful products.Separation of Crude Oil
How can the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil be treated?The mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated into useful products.
Different groups of hydrocarbons in crude oil, each containing a similar number of carbon atoms.Fractions
What are the different groups of hydrocarbons in crude oil called?They are called fractions.
Hydrocarbons within a fraction have a similar number of carbon atoms.Similar Number of Carbon Atoms
What characterizes the hydrocarbons within a fraction?They have a similar number of carbon atoms.
The process of separating fractions from crude oil based on the differences in boiling points of hydrocarbons.Fractional Distillation Process
How is fractional distillation utilized in separating crude oil fractions?Fractional distillation separates fractions from crude oil by exploiting the differences in boiling points of hydrocarbons.
The initial step in fractional distillation involves heating crude oil to evaporate most of the hydrocarbons.Evaporation of Crude Oil
What is the first step in fractional distillation, and what does it entail?The first step is the evaporation of crude oil by heating, causing most of the hydrocarbons to turn into vapor.
A vertical column that is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top, used in the process of fractional distillation.Fractional Distillation Column
What is the structure of the fractional distillation column?The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top.
Hydrocarbons with lower boiling points.Short Hydrocarbons
Where do short hydrocarbons condense in the fractional distillation column?Short hydrocarbons condense near the top of the column where it is cooler.
Hydrocarbons with higher boiling points.Long Hydrocarbons
Where do long hydrocarbons condense in the fractional distillation column?Long hydrocarbons condense nearer the bottom of the column.
The process of turning vapor into liquid.Condensation
What is the role of condensation in the fractional distillation process?Condensation occurs as hydrocarbons cool and change from vapor to liquid in the fractional distillation column.
Fraction containing the shortest hydrocarbons in crude oil.Gases Fraction
What is the primary content of the gases fraction in crude oil?The gases fraction contains the shortest hydrocarbons.
Gases fraction is used in domestic heating and cooking.Uses of Gases Fraction
What are the applications of the gases fraction from crude oil?The gases fraction is used in domestic heating and cooking.
A fraction used as a fuel for cars.Petrol
What is the primary use of petrol derived from crude oil?Petrol is used as a fuel for cars.
A fraction used as a fuel for aircraft.Kerosene
What is the primary use of kerosene from crude oil?Kerosene is used as a fuel for aircraft.
A fraction used as a fuel for some cars and trains.Diesel Oil
What is the primary use of diesel oil derived from crude oil?Diesel oil is used as a fuel for some cars and trains.
A fraction used as a fuel for large ships and in some power stations.Fuel Oil
What is the primary use of fuel oil from crude oil?Fuel oil is used as a fuel for large ships and in some power stations.
Fraction containing the longest hydrocarbons in crude oil.Bitumen
What is the primary content of the bitumen fraction in crude oil?Bitumen contains the longest hydrocarbons.
Bitumen is used to surface roads and roofs.Uses of Bitumen
What are the applications of bitumen from crude oil?Bitumen is used to surface roads and roofs.
In crude oil, the majority of hydrocarbons are of a type known as alkanes.Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil
What is the prevalent type of hydrocarbons in crude oil?Alkanes are the most common type of hydrocarbons in crude oil.
Hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.Alkanes
What is the general formula for alkanes?Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2
Ethane is an example of an alkane with the formula C2H6.Example of Alkane - Ethane
Provide an example of an alkane and its formula.Ethane is an example of an alkane with the formula C2H6.
All carbon and hydrogen atoms in alkanes are connected by single covalent bonds.Single Covalent Bonds
What type of bonds connect carbon and hydrogen atoms in alkanes?Single covalent bonds connect all carbon and hydrogen atoms in alkanes.
The size of a hydrocarbon influences its properties.Size of Hydrocarbon
How does the size of a hydrocarbon impact its characteristics?The size of a hydrocarbon affects properties such as boiling point, viscosity, and ease of ignition.
The temperature at which a liquid transforms into a gas.Boiling Point
What does boiling point signify in the context of hydrocarbons?Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid transitions into a gas.
A measure of how sticky or thick a liquid is.Viscosity
What does viscosity indicate in relation to hydrocarbons?Viscosity is a measure of how sticky or thick a liquid is.
A measure of how easily a substance can burn.Ease of Ignition
How is ease of ignition relevant to hydrocarbons?Ease of ignition is a measure of how easily a substance can burn.
The variations in boiling point, viscosity, and ease of ignition among hydrocarbons in different fractions.Differences in Properties
Why do hydrocarbons in different fractions exhibit differences in properties?The differences in properties among hydrocarbons in different fractions are due to variations in boiling point, viscosity, and ease of ignition.
Hydrocarbons with lower boiling points, lower viscosity, and high flammability.Short Hydrocarbons
What are the characteristics of short hydrocarbons?Short hydrocarbons have lower boiling points, lower viscosity, and high flammability.
Where are the shortest hydrocarbons typically found?The shortest hydrocarbons are present in the gases fraction.
Hydrocarbons with higher boiling points, higher viscosity, and low flammability.Long Hydrocarbons
What are the properties of long hydrocarbons?Long hydrocarbons have higher boiling points, higher viscosity, and low flammability.
Where are the longest hydrocarbons typically found?The longest hydrocarbons are located in the bitumen fraction at the bottom of the column.