| Methods of birth control that utilize hormones to prevent pregnancy by interfering with the natural menstrual cycle. | Hormonal Contraceptives |
| How do hormonal contraceptives work to prevent pregnancy? | Hormonal contraceptives interfere with the menstrual cycle to prevent the maturation of eggs, thus preventing pregnancy. |
| Hormonal contraceptives in pill form, often containing both oestrogen and progesterone. | Oral Contraceptives (Pills) |
| What is a common form of hormonal contraceptive that contains both oestrogen and progesterone? | Oral contraceptives (pills) are a common form containing both hormones to prevent pregnancy. |
| The mechanism by which oral contraceptives, containing oestrogen and progesterone, stop the production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). | Inhibition of FSH by Oral Contraceptives |
| How do oral contraceptives prevent egg maturation? | Oral contraceptives inhibit FSH production, preventing the maturation of eggs. |
| Methods such as injections, implants, skin patches, and some intrauterine devices (IUDs) that release hormones slowly to prevent egg maturation. | Other Forms of Hormonal Contraception |
| Besides oral contraceptives, what are some other forms of hormonal contraception? | Other forms include injections, implants, skin patches, and certain intrauterine devices (IUDs) that release hormones gradually. |
| The gradual release of progesterone in hormonal contraceptives, such as injections, implants, and certain IUDs, to prevent the maturation of eggs. | Progesterone Release in Long-Term Contraceptives |
| How do long-term hormonal contraceptives prevent egg maturation? | Long-term contraceptives release progesterone slowly, preventing the maturation of eggs. |
| The period for which some hormonal contraceptives can be effective, ranging from months to even years. | Duration of Effectiveness |
| How long can the effectiveness of some hormonal contraceptives last? | Some hormonal contraceptives can remain effective for months or even years. |
| Methods of birth control that do not involve the use of hormones to prevent pregnancy. | Non-Hormonal Contraception |
| How can fertility be controlled without the use of hormonal methods? | Non-hormonal contraception methods are employed to prevent pregnancy without the use of hormones. |
| Contraceptive methods that physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. | Barrier Methods |
| What is the general characteristic of contraception methods that fall under the category of barrier methods? | Barrier methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. |
| Sheaths worn over the penis (male condoms) or inserted into the vagina (female condoms) to create a physical barrier, preventing sperm from reaching the egg. | Condoms |
| How do condoms function as a form of contraception? | Condoms create a physical barrier, preventing sperm from reaching the egg, when worn over the penis (male condoms) or inserted into the vagina (female condoms). |
| A barrier method of contraception involving a dome-shaped device inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from reaching the egg. | Diaphragms |
| What is the mechanism of action for diaphragms as a form of contraception? | Diaphragms, when inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, create a physical barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the egg. |
| The common characteristic of condoms and diaphragms, involving the physical obstruction of sperm to prevent fertilization. | Physical Prevention of Sperm |
| What is the shared feature between condoms and diaphragms in terms of preventing pregnancy? | Both condoms and diaphragms physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. |
| The level of success in preventing pregnancy through the use of barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragms. | Effectiveness of Barrier Methods |
| How effective are barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms in preventing pregnancy? | The effectiveness of these methods varies, but when used consistently and correctly, they can provide reliable contraception. |
| The various factors, including protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), reliability, and potential side effects, that individuals consider when choosing a contraceptive method. | Considerations in Contraceptive Choice |
| What are some important factors to consider when choosing a contraceptive method? | Individuals consider factors such as protection against STIs, reliability, and potential side effects when choosing a contraceptive method. |
| The capability of a contraceptive method to provide defense against sexually transmitted infections. | Protection Against STIs |
| Do all contraceptives offer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? | No, not all contraceptives provide protection against STIs. For example, condoms offer this protection. |
| A contraceptive method that not only prevents pregnancy but also provides protection against sexually transmitted infections. | Condom Dual Protection |
| Which contraceptive method is known for offering dual protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections? | Condoms provide dual protection against pregnancy and STIs. |
| The degree to which a contraceptive method can be counted on to prevent pregnancy and its overall effectiveness. | Reliability and Effectiveness |
| Why are some contraceptives considered more reliable and effective than others? | Unlike condoms and diaphragms, contraceptives like the IUD, injections, and implants are considered very reliable because they do not rely on daily user actions and are effective once inside the body. |
| Contraceptive methods, like the IUD, injections, and implants, that do not require frequent attention once placed inside the body. | Long-Term Contraceptives |
| Why are long-term contraceptives like the IUD, injections, and implants considered reliable? | They do not require frequent attention once inside the body, contributing to their reliability. |
| Contraceptive methods, like oral contraceptives and condoms, that rely on correct and consistent use by the user. | User-Dependent Contraceptives |
| What distinguishes user-dependent contraceptives from long-term contraceptives in terms of reliability? | User-dependent contraceptives rely on correct and consistent use by the user, and forgetting or incorrect use can reduce their effectiveness. |
| Unintended and often undesired effects that a contraceptive method may have on the user's health. | Side Effects |
| What is an important consideration when assessing the suitability of a contraceptive method? | Considering if the contraceptive has potential side effects, as some women may experience serious side effects from using hormonal contraceptives. |
| Medical procedures that use hormonal interventions and advanced techniques to overcome infertility and assist in achieving pregnancy. | Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) |
| What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), and what is its primary goal? | ART encompasses medical procedures that use hormones and advanced techniques to overcome infertility and assist in achieving pregnancy. |
| A fertility drug used to induce ovulation in women who are not ovulating normally. | Clomifene |
| What is the purpose of clomifene in the context of infertility treatment? | Clomifene is used to stimulate ovulation in women who are not ovulating normally, containing FSH and LH to increase the chances of releasing an egg and achieving pregnancy. |
| A fertility treatment where a woman takes FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of multiple eggs, followed by the removal of eggs for fertilization in a laboratory. | In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) |
| What is In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), and what are its key steps? | IVF involves a woman taking FSH and LH to stimulate egg maturation, followed by surgical removal of eggs for fertilization in a laboratory. |
| 1 Hormones used in IVF treatment to stimulate the maturation of multiple eggs in a woman's ovaries. | FSH and LH in IVF |
| What role do FSH and LH play in the In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) process? | FSH and LH are used to stimulate the maturation of multiple eggs in a woman's ovaries during IVF treatment. |
| 2 A step in IVF where a woman undergoes surgery to have matured eggs removed from her ovaries. | Surgical Egg Retrieval |
| What is the surgical procedure involved in IVF to retrieve matured eggs from a woman's ovaries? | Surgical egg retrieval is a step in IVF where a woman undergoes surgery to have matured eggs removed from her ovaries. |
| 3 The process where eggs removed during IVF are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting. | Laboratory Fertilization |
| How are eggs fertilized during In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)? | Eggs removed during IVF are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. |
| 4 The progression of fertilized eggs into embryos during IVF treatment. | Embryo Development |
| What follows the fertilization of eggs in IVF treatment? | Fertilized eggs develop into embryos during the course of IVF treatment. |
| 5 The final step in IVF where one or two embryos are inserted into the woman's uterus. | Embryo Transfer |
| What is the last step in the In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) process? | The final step involves transferring one or two embryos into the woman's uterus. |
| Difficulties and obstacles associated with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in the context of overcoming infertility. | Challenges of ART |
| What are some challenges associated with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)? | ART poses difficulties, such as potential side effects and limited applicability to specific fertility issues. |
| Undesirable and unintended effects that may result from the use of the fertility drug clomifene. | Side Effects of Clomifene |
| What is a potential drawback of using clomifene in infertility treatment? | Clomifene may have side effects that individuals undergoing infertility treatment need to consider. |
| The restriction of clomifene's effectiveness to addressing problems with ovulation, excluding its utility for other fertility issues. | Limited Applicability of Clomifene |
| What is a limitation of clomifene in treating infertility? | Clomifene is effective only for addressing problems related to ovulation and may not work for other fertility issues. |
| The strain and pressure, both physically and emotionally, experienced by individuals undergoing In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment. | Physical and Emotional Stress of IVF |
| What are some of the challenges associated with In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), beyond its medical aspects? | IVF can be physically and emotionally stressful for individuals undergoing the treatment. |
| The relatively low probability of achieving a successful pregnancy through In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). | Low Success Rate of IVF |
| What is a notable drawback of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) in terms of success rates? | IVF has a low rate of success, indicating that not all attempts result in a successful pregnancy. |
| The occurrence of more than one baby as a result of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), which can pose increased risks for both the mother and the babies. | Multiple Births in IVF |
| What is a potential risk associated with In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) regarding the number of babies born? | IVF may result in the development of multiple babies, which can be more risky for both the mother and the babies. |
