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level: Level 1 of Chapter 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 3

QuestionAnswer
officially connected with a town or cityCIVIC duties/responsibilities
connected with people who are not members of the armed forces or the policeHe left the army and returned to CIVILIAN life.
a person who is not a member of the armed forces or the policeTwo soldiers and one CIVILIAN were killed in the explosion.
he quality of being expressed clearlyThe brilliant CLARITY of his argument could not be faulted.
a short fight between two groups of peopleEight people were wounded in a CLASH with border guards.
the act or process of putting people or things into a group or classa style of music that defies CLASSIFICATION (= is like no other)
to hold on tightly to somebody/somethingLeaves still CLUNG to the branches.
[only before noun] relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illnessesCLINICAL research (= done on patients, not just considering theory)
the situation when a factory, school, hospital, etc. shuts permanentlyThe hospital has been threatened with CLOSURE.
a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close togetherThe telescope is focused on a dense CLUSTER of stars at the edge of the galaxy.
a government formed by two or more political parties working togetherThe two parties governed in COALITION for four years.
of or near a coastCOASTAL waters/resorts/scenery
a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more spirits (= strong alcoholic drinks) and fruit juice. It can also be made without alcohol.a COCKTAIL bar/cabinet/lounge/shaker
connected with mental processes of understandingThey are studying the links between COGNITIVE and linguistic development in young children.
(of two or more events) to take place at the same timeThe strike was timed to COINCIDE with the party conference.
to work together with somebody in order to produce or achieve somethingWe have COLLABORATED on many projects over the years.
the act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce somethingthe results of a fruitful COLLABORATION with the industry
done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a whole group or societyCOLLECTIVE leadership/decision-making/responsibility
an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each otherStewart was injured in a COLLISION with another player.
connected with or belonging to a country that controls another countryTunisia achieved independence from French COLONIAL rule in 1956.
a journalist who writes regular articles for a newspaper or magazinea newspaper COLUMNIST
fighting or a fight, especially during a time of warHe was killed in COMBAT.
to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worsemeasures to COMBAT crime/inflation/unemployment/disease
to begin to happen; to begin somethinghe day COMMENCED with a welcome from the principal.
commentary (on something) a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, especially on the radio or televisionHe kept up a running COMMENTARY on everyone who came in or went out.
a person who describes an event while it is happening, especially on television or radioHe's one of the great sports COMMENTATORS of our time.
trade, especially between countries; the buying and selling of goods and servicesLeaders of industry and COMMERCE met at the summit in Paris.
a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling something or finding out about something)European COMMISSIONERS
a product or a raw material that can be bought and soldrice, flour and other basic COMMODITIES
connected with communismCOMMUNIST ideology
a person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with youtravelling COMPANIONS
similar to somebody/something else and able to be comparedThe situation in the US is not directly COMPARABLE to that in the UK.
a strong feeling of sympathy for people or animals who are suffering and a desire to help themShe was known as a hard woman with no COMPASSION, no emotion.
to force somebody to do something; to make something necessaryThe law can COMPEL fathers to make regular payments for their children.
that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and excitingHer latest book makes COMPELLING reading.
compensate (for something) to provide something good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss, etc.Nothing can COMPENSATE for the loss of a loved one.
compensation (for something) something, especially money, that somebody gives you because they have hurt you, or damaged something that you own; the act of giving this to somebodyThe employer has a duty to pay full COMPENSATION for injuries received at work.
the ability to do something wellto gain a high level of COMPETENCE ( competence) in English
having enough skill or knowledge to do something well or to the necessary standardMake sure the firm is COMPETENT to carry out the work.
to produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs, etc.; to collect information in order to produce a book, list, etc.We are trying to COMPILE a list of suitable people for the job.
to add to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractiveThe team needs players who COMPLEMENT each other.
the state of being formed of many parts; the state of being difficult to understandthe increasing COMPLEXITY of modern telecommunication systems
the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authorityprocedures that must be followed to ensure full COMPLIANCE with the law
to obey a rule, an order, etc.; to meet particular standardsThey refused to COMPLY with the UN resolution.
the different parts that something is made of; the way in which the different parts are organizedthe COMPOSITION of the board of directors
an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the endAfter lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a COMPROMISE.
to give up some of your demands in order to reach an agreement after disagreeing with somebodyAfter much argument, the judges finally COMPROMISED on (= agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist.
a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficultThe bad weather added a further COMPLICATION to our journey.
(formal) to calculate somethingThese measurements can be used to COMPUTE the average size.
to hide somebody/somethingTim could barely CONCEAL his disappointment.
to admit that something is true, logical, etc. after first denying it or resisting itHe reluctantly CONCEDED the point to me.
(formal) to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mindHe CONCEIVED the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre.
an understanding or a belief of what something/somebody is or what something/somebody should beHe has no CONCEPTION of how difficult life is if you're unemployed.
something that you allow or do, or allow somebody to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation less difficultThe firm will be forced to make CONCESSIONS if it wants to avoid a strike.
to say very strongly that you think something is bad, usually for moral reasonsThe editor of the newspaper was CONDEMNED as lacking integrity.
to discuss something with somebody, in order to exchange opinions or get adviceHe wanted to CONFER with his colleagues before reaching a decision.
a statement that a person makes, admitting that they are guilty of a crime; the act of making such a statementAfter hours of questioning by police, she made a full CONFESSION.
an arrangement of the parts of something or a group of things; the form or shape that this arrangement producesThe design is based on four CONFIGURATIONS of squares.
[often passive] to keep somebody/something inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.I will CONFINE myself to looking at the period from 1900 to 1916.
a statement, letter, etc. that shows that something is true, correct or definiteI'm still waiting for CONFIRMATION of the test results.
(of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by somebodyWhat is to be done about the economic problems CONFRONTING the country?
a situation in which there is anger between people or groups who disagree because they have different opinionsShe wanted to avoid another CONFRONTATION with her father.
to tell somebody that you are pleased about their success or achievementsThe authors are to be CONGRATULATED on producing such a clear and authoritative work.
a group of people who are gathered together in a church for a religious service, not including the priest and choirThe CONGREGATION stood to sing the hymn.
related to or belonging to a congress or the Congress in the USa CONGRESSIONAL committee/bill
to take control of a country or city and its people by forceThe Normans CONQUERED England in 1066.
the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrongto have a clear/guilty CONSCIENCE (= to feel that you have done right/wrong)
the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happeningShe did not regain CONSCIOUSNESS and died the next day.
following one after another in a continuous seriesHe is beginning his fourth CONSECUTIVE term of office
an opinion that all members of a group agree withShe is skilled at achieving CONSENSUS on sensitive issues.
permission to do something, especially given by somebody in authorityChildren under 16 cannot give CONSENT to medical treatment.
to agree to something or give your permission for somethingWhen she told them what she intended, they readily CONSENTED.
to protect something and prevent it from being changed or destroyednew laws to CONSERVE wildlife in the area
(approving) the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistentShe has played with great CONSISTENCY all season.
to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continueWith this new movie he has CONSOLIDATED his position as the country's leading director.
a district that elects its own representative to parliamentUnemployment is high in her CONSTITUENCY.
to be considered to be somethingDoes such an activity CONSTITUTE a criminal offence?
the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an organization is governed byto propose a new amendment to the CONSTITUTION
connected with the constitution of a country or an organizationCONSTITUTIONAL government/reform
a thing that limits something, or limits your freedom to do somethingfinancial/economic/legal/political CONSTRAINTS
the act of discussing something with somebody or with a group of people before making a decision about ita CONSULTATION document/paper/period/process
to think about whether you should do something, or how you should do somethingI have never CONTEMPLATED living abroad.
the feeling that somebody/something is without value and deserves no respect at allHis treatment of his children is beneath CONTEMPT (= so bad that it is not even worth feeling contempt for).
(formal) to say that something is true, especially in an argumentI would CONTEND that the minister's thinking is flawed on this point.
a person or team with a chance of winning a competitiona CONTENDER for a gold medal in the Olympics
happy and satisfied with what you haveNot CONTENT with stealing my boyfriend (= not thinking that this was enough), she has turned all my friends against me.
anger between people who disagreeOne area of CONTENTION is the availability of nursery care.
in a way that is repeated many times so that it is annoyingThey argue CONTINUALLY about money.
a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another companya defence/security/military/civilian CONTRACTOR
a lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc.His public speeches are in direct CONTRADICTION to his personal lifestyle.
different from something; against somethingThe government has decided that the publication of the report would be ‘CONTRARY to the public interest’.
the opposite fact, event or situationIn the end the CONTRARY was proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
a person who writes articles for a magazine, book or website, or who talks on a radio or television programme or at a meetinga regular CONTRIBUTOR to this magazine
conversion (from something) (into/to something) the act or process of changing something from one form, use or system to anotherTheir main business is the CONVERSION of farm buildings into family homes.
to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a crimeHe was CONVICTED of fraud.
the act of finding somebody guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guiltyShe has six previous CONVICTIONS for theft.
to work together with somebody else in order to achieve somethingCOOPERATIVE activity is essential to effective community work.
to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works wellThey appointed a new manager to COORDINATE the work of the team.