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Questions and Answers List

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Question	Answer
Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.	Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British	Battle of Lake Erie
No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."	The Election of 1824
issued by President Jackson; was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.	Specie Circular (1836)
marked Jeffersonian era; peacefully shifted power from the Federalist, emphasizing agrarian ideals and limited government	Election of 1800 (Revolution of 1800)
bought a huge land from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.	Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Established US claims to the Oregon Territory, better relations w/ American Indians, & paved the way for westward expansion.	Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806
In 1812, they were "Old" Democratic-Republicans who criticized the War of 1812 because it violated the classic Democratic-Republican commitment to limited federal power and the maintenance of peace. (p. 140)	quids
Popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Monroe's presidency. The term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank.	Era of Good Feelings (1816-1819)
This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.	Tariff of 1816
1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements	Henry Clay's American System
Economic disaster caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.	The panic of 1819
Compromise over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.	Missouri Compromise (1820)
Ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.	Embargo Act 1807
Allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France	Nonintercourse Act (1809)
Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.	Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)
A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.	The War of 1812
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.	War Hawks
Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British	Battle of Lake Erie (1813)
William Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canada, but weakened and disheartened the Indians of the Northwest.	Battle of the Thames (1813)
A battle where the British fleet was defeated and was forced to retreat and to abandon their plans to invade New York and New England after being stopped by Thomas Macdonough. The British began to decide that the war was to costly.	Battle of Lake Champlain (1814)
The national anthem of the United States written by Francis Scott Key, inspired by the battle of Fort McHenry	"The Star-Spangled Banner"
fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.	Battle of Horseshoe Bend
December 2 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.	Treaty of Ghent (1814)
A meeting by Federalists dissatisfied with the war to draft a new Constitution; resulted in seemingly traitorous Federalist party's collapse	Hartford Convention (1814)
Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.	Treaty of 1818
Under the agreement, Spain ceded Florida to the United States, which, in exchange, abandoned its claims to Texas.	Florida Purchase Treaty/ Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers	Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Pennsylvania turnpike which connected Philadelphia with the rich farmlands around Lancaster. Its success stimulated the construction of other privately built and relatively short toll roads that, by the mid-1820s, connected most of the country's major cities	Lancaster Turnpike (1790s)
The first highway built by the federal government. It stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West. Funded by Congress	Cumberland Road/ National Road (1850)
Linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities.	Erie Canal (1825)
steamboat built by Robert Fulton; first steamboat to be commercially successful in American waters	Clermont (1807)
The major 19th century communication development.	Telegraph
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney	Cotton Gin (1793)
"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread.	Samuel Slater (1791)
Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills	Lowell System
factories for clothes and fabrics	Textile Mills
"Peaceful unions" had the right to negotiated labor contracts with employers	Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)
In the late 1840s, labor movements began to focus their efforts on legislative reform; the __________ reemerged as a central point of labor organizing.	10hr workday
A 19th century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline, hard work, and temperate habits.	Self-made man
giving people an equal chance to succeed	equality of opportunity
A closed door meeting of a political party's leaders in Congress which nominated candidates. Common citizens had no opportunity to participate.	King Caucus
First to use National Conventions to nominate a president; 3rd party. Attacked the secret societies of Masons and attacked them from belonging to an anti democratic elite.	Anti-Masonic Party
Another 3rd party (one of the first ones): tried to unite artisans & skilled laborers into a political organization.	Workingmen's Party
the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power	Spoils System
the idealized description political supporters of Jackson used to promote his candidacy for president.	Common Man
No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."	The Election of 1824
Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason	Proclamation to the People of South Carolina
Debate in the Senate between Daniel (MA) and Robert (SC) that focused on sectionalism and nullification Came after the "Tariff of Abominations" incident	Wesbter-Hayne Debate (1830)
the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma	Trail of Tears
a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River	Indian Removal Act (1830)
Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.	"Old Hickory"
Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.	Tariff of Abominations
A prison system in New York which enforced rigid rules of discipline, while also providing moral instruction and work programs.	Auburn system
New prisons built in Pennsylvania that experimented with the technique of placing prisoners in solitary confinement; these experiments were dropped because of the high suicide rate.	penitentiaries
Instrumental in the national success of the 18th Amendment (1919), prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors.	Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
A temperance movement which argued that alcoholism was a disease that need practical helpful treatment.	Washingtonians
An organization group that tries to persuade drinkers to take a pledge of total abstinence.	American Temperance Society (1826)
This was a religious community established by the Mormons on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in Utah.	New Zion
In the early 1800s, this popular belief, that the world was about to end with the second coming of Jesus Christ.	Millennialism
a tool of the Second Great Awakening where people would gather to hear hellfire speeches	Camp Meetings
An evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol. One of the most important leaders of the 2nd Great Awakening.	Charles Grandison Finney
President of Yale College, he helped initiate the Second Great Awakening. His campus revivals inspired many young men to become evangelical preachers.	Timothy Dwight
A series of religious revivals, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. Reasserted of the traditional Calvinist (Puritan) teachings of sin and predestination.	Second Great Awakening (1801)
A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy "free-love", communal property, and communal raising of children.	Oneida Community
A utopian settlement in Indiana. It had 1,000 settlers, but a lack of authority caused it to break up.	New Harmony (1825-1827)
Iowan Germans who belonged to religious movement known as Pietism; emphasized simple, communal living. Allowed marriage, communities still prosper.	The Amana Colonies
a celibate and communistic Christian sect in the United States	Shakers
The time period before the Civil War during which there were many reforms, including the establishment of free (tax-supported) public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery.	Antebellum Period
They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.	Transcendentalists
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing intuition, feelings, individual acts heroism and the study of nature.	Romanticism
Harrison's victory over Tecumseh (Shawnee) in Indiana in 1811 became the slogan of his presidential bid in 1840.	"Tippecanoe"
It was a Whig party presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison. It portrayed Harrison as a simple man sprung from the people when in reality he was rich. It won Harrison the election. Campaigning among the masses.	Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign (1840)
Second Party System _____ (Webster, Calhoun, Clay) - fed. gov. aid economic development (American System), cautious of territorial expansion ____ (Jackson, Van Buren) - limit fed. gov. power and protect states rights, suspicious of gov. attempts to stimulate commercial/industrial growth, support territorial expansion	whigs and Democrats
President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it; known for bribes and corruption	Nicholas Biddle
economic system where government should not interfere in the marketplace	Laissez-faire economics
"Jackson and Reform"- Jackson would "clean sweep" the corruption of Adams to answer the question "shall the people rule". Jackson won E.C. 178-83, and pop greatly, increased voter turnouts=people's gov (New Democ)	Election of 1828
gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose	Force Bill
a method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make an opponent look bad	Mudslinging
Rebellion in which a group of slaves through virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families. Led to the death of 55 whites. End of anti-slavery talk in South.	Nat Turner's Rebellion
A Democratic-Republican (a.k.a. former Anti-Federalist) cut back on federal expenditures, bureaucracy, and military actions. He had Agrarian Ideals. Cut taxes, reduced army, reduced debt; Judicial troubles; Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark; Embargo Act	Thomas Jefferson (1800)
Defeated Federalist Rufus King; Adams-Onis Treaty, Tariff of 1824, and End of "First Party System". Era of Good Feelings, Nationalism, Panic of 1819, Adams-Onis Treaty, expansion of westward territory, Monroe Doctrine, Missouri Compromise	James Monroe (1817-1825)
Region north and west of the Ohio River, included Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, MIchigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.	Old Northwest
"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791.	Samuel Slater
A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme.	Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.	Nullification Crisis
Site of the 1st modern women's rights convention, and the start of the organized fight for women's rights in US history. At the gathering, Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a Declaration of Sentiments modeled on the Declaration of Independence listing the many injustices against women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage.	Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women	Republican Motherhood
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. "Lower south" or "cotton kingdom"; area where the majority of the country's cotton was produced; plagued w/ disease	Deep South
English colonies divided into	English colonies divided into New England, Middle, and South