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level: Level 1 of wk12-13 Antimicrobials,antifungals.pptx

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of wk12-13 Antimicrobials,antifungals.pptx

QuestionAnswer
are simple one‐celled organism though small, they are powerful and complex, and can survive in extreme conditions. have a tough protective coating that boosts their resistance to white blood cells in the body.Bacteria
1 Bacteria: 1st identified in the 1670s by __ 2 Bacteria: reproduce by __1 van Leeuwenhoek 2 binary fission - bacterial cell then elongates and splits into two daughter cells each with identical DNA to the parent cell.
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions1 Based on type of action 2 Based on source of antibacterial agents 3 Based on spectrum of activity 4 Based on chemical structure 5 Function-based classification
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions 1 Based on type of action1 Bactericidal- destroy bacteria by targeting the cell wall or cell membrane of the bacteria 2 Bacteriostatic - slow or inhibit the growth of bacteria
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions 1 Based on source of antibacterial agents1 Naturally obtained from fungal sources 2 Semi-synthetic-chemically altered natural products 3 synthetic
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions 1 Based on spectrum of activity1 Narrow spectrum - they act against Gram‐positive ONLY or Gram‐negative ONLY bacteria 2 Broad spectrum – affects WIDE RANGE of pathogenic bacteria, including both G(-) and G(+)
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions 1 Based on chemical structure1 group A (β‐lactams) 2 group B (aminoglycosides) -> in a more elaborated way, the antibacterials can be classified into 1 β‐lactams, 2 β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations, 3 aminoglycoside, 4 macrolides, 5 quinolones, 6 flouroquinolones
Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions 1 Function-based classification1 Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis 2 Inhibit Protein Synthesis - 50s subunit - 30s subunit 3 Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Beta Lactams list1 Penicillin 2 Cephalosporins 3 Carbapenems 4 Monobactams 5 Vancomycin 6 Daptomycin 7 Polypeptides
Protein Synthesis inhibitors 1 Inhibit 50s subunit list 2 Inhibit 30s subunit list1) 1 Macrolides 2 Clindamycin 3 Linezolid 4 Streptogramins 5 Chloramphenicol 2) 1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Tigecycline
Nucleic Acid Inhibitors 1 Inhibit DNA Gyrase / Topoisomerase IV 2 Inhibit Folate Acid Synthesis 3 Create free Radicals1 Quinolones 2 Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole 3 Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin