| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
| What are 4 different ways we can represent organic molecules giving an example of each | 1. Empirical formula → CH₂
2. Molecular formula →C₃H₆
3. Structural formula → CH₃CH=CH₂
4. Displayed formula |
| What is a simplified version of the displayed formula | Skeletal formula |
| Many classes of related organic compounds are called.... | homologous series |
| Within each homologous series of compounds, all the compounds consists of molecules with a particular atom, or grouping of atoms, called a .... | Functional group |
| What is the functional group in an alkene | C=C double bonds |
| What is the functional group in a carboxylic acid | -COOH group |
| What is the general formula for alkenes | CₙH₂ₙ |
| What is the general formula for halogenoalkanes | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁X |
| What is the general formula for alcohols | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH |
| What is the general formula for aldehydes? | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁CHO |
| What is the general formula for carboxylic acids | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH |
| What is the general formula for esters | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOCₘH₂ₘ₊₁ |
| What is the general formula for amines | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁NH₂ |
| What is the general formula for nitriles | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁CN |
| What are structural isomers? | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae |
| What are the 3 types of structural isomerism | 1. Position isomerism
2. Functional group isomerism
3. Chain isomerism |
| What are stereoisomers | Compounds whose molecules have the same atoms bonded to each other, but with different arrangements of the atoms in space |
| What are the 2 types of stereoisomerism | 1. Geometrical (cis/trans) isomerism
2. Optical isomerism |
| What are enantiomers (Optical isomers ) | Mirror images of each other, and they cannot be superimposed |
| What are the 2 ways in which covalent bonds can break | 1. Homolytic fission
2. Heterolytic fission |
| What happen's in Homolytic fission? | Both the atoms at each end of the bond leave with one electron from the pari that formed the covalent bond |
| What are free radicals | Species produced when a bond breaks homolytically |
| What are the 3 steps in free-radical reactions | 1. Initiation step: the formation of free radicals to start a reaction off
2. Propagation step: Steps in a mechanism that regenerates more free radicals
3. Termination step : the final step in a mechanism, when 2 free radicals meet and form a product molecule |
| The more alkyl groups adjacent to the positively charged carbon atom, the more.......... | The more stable the carbocation |
| Carbocation are an example of a species called | electrophile |
| What does a Addition reaction involve | the formation of a single product from 2 or more reactant molecules |
| What does a Elimination reaction result in | Result in the removal of a small molecule from a larger reactant molecules |
| What does a Condensation reaction involve | Involve a first step where addition takes place. Followed by as second step where elimination occurs to form the final product |
| What does a Substitution reaction involve | The replacement of one atom, or group of atoms, by another |
| What is Hydrolysis | THe breakdown of a molecule of water |
