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level: Origins of psychology

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Origins of psychology

QuestionAnswer
Who is the father of psychology?Wilhelm Wundt
What was Wilhelm Wundt's best known approach?Structuralism: breaking down behaviours into basic elemetns. This developed introspection which was a way of styding human mental processes
What did John Locke propose?Empiricism, the idea that all experiences can be obtrained through sense, they don't inherit knowledge or instinct - relate to behaviourist approach
What does introspection mean ?Systematic analysis/experimentation of our own conscious experience and awareness.
How were introspections completed?Wundt was trained to record conscious thought. They were recorded under strcitly controlled conditions and they used standarised procedures
What did introspection lead to ?Controlled reasrch and the study of mental process, like the cognitive approach
What is is critisicm of introspection ?It is a subjective tehcnique and the personal observations are hard to be make generlisations. It should be able to be observerd and measured, instead of a 'private' mental process.
What was created in 1879 ?Wundt's process of introspection, experimental branch within philosophy
What was created in 1900?Psychodynamic - Freud established approach, importance of the unconcious mind on behaviour
What developed in 1913?The behaviourist appraoch, all behaviour is learnt and should be interested in observable behaviours
What was developed in 1950?Humanistic approach - Rejected views from behaviourist and psychodyanmic, highlight importance of free will
What was developed in 1960?Cognitive approach - studying mental processes, make inferences about how the mind works based on labatory experiments
What was developed in 1980?Biological approach - advancement in techology, brain scans to increase understanding of human brain
What was developed in 2000?Cognitive neuroscience - brings together biological and cognitive approach, biological structures influence mental states
What are the 4 elements of the scientific method?1. Objective 2. Systematic/controlled 3. Replicable 4. Hypothesis testing
A strength of Wundt's research?-Aspects would still be classed as scientific today -Eg: all introspections were recorded in a controlled lab environement - no extraneous variables -Standarised procedures, all ppts recieved the same set of instructions and tested with the same stimulus. -Wundt's reaserch can be seen as the forerunner to the later scientific approaches in psych which emerged in the behvourist approach
A weakness of Wundt's research-Some aspects would be considered unscientific by today's standards -Relied on ppts self-reporting their private mental thoughts, this is subjective and influence by personal persepctive. As well as this, they may have hide what they actually were thinking -Ppts may not have the same thoughts are everyone else they were testing, establishing would not have been possible -Suggest that some of Wundt's early efforts to study the mind were naive and would not meet the criteria of scientific enquiry
A weakness of psychology as a science?-not all approaches are objective methods -Eg: the humanistic approach is anti-scientiic and does not attemtp to formulate general laws of behaviour. Concerned with documenting unique, subjective experience -The psychodynamic approach makes use of the case study method, open to bais and no attempt made to gather a representative sample -Many claim that a scientific study of human thought and experience may not always be desirable or possible
A strength of modern psychology?-Claims to be scientific -Psychology has the same aims as natural sciences - to desibe, understand, predict and control behaviour -Eg: the learning, cognitive and biological approach all reoly on the use of scientific methods, like lab experiments that investigate theories in an unbiased way -Suggest that throughout the 20th century, psychology has gne on to firmly establish itself as a scientific discipline, based on early foundations laid by Wundt