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level: Level 5 - DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

Question	Answer
traditionally, the first choice for the initial treatment of chronic hypertension.	thiazide-type diuretic or a ß-adrenergic receptor blocker
More recently some physicians prefer to start therapy with an __. If the first agent is ineffective or poorly tolerated, another agent is substituted. If more than one agent is needed, a __ is added.	1 ACE inhibitor or a CCB 2 diuretic
__ is indicated in hypertensive emergencies, usually with nitroprusside or diazoxide; IV labetalol or SL nifedipine are also suitable.	parenteral therapy
are useful antihypertensive drugs when employed alone, or in combination therapy, as it potentiate the action of the other hypotensive drugs and it is believed to result from their ability to produce a negative Na+ balance	Diuretic agents
most frequently used diuretics	Thiazides
produce greater diuresis than the thiazides, but have a weaker antihypertensive effect and can cause SEVERE ELECTROLYTE BALANCE	Furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide- loop diuretics
useful in combination with a thiazide diuretic, whose effects they potentiate and they minimize K+ loss; K+-sparing diuretics	Spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
1 primary function is to generate a concentration gradient between the inner medulla and outer cortex 2 the control of osmotic pressure through regulation of water and solute levels.	1 loop of Henle 2 Osmoregulation
Principal function of Loop of Henle	the recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine.