| Describe the primary structure of proteins | Primary structure: The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein. |
| Describe the secondary structure of proteins. | Secondary structure: Local folding patterns, including α-helices and β-pleated sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonding between amino acid residues. |
| Describe the teritary structure of proteins. | Tertiary structure: The three-dimensional folding of a polypeptide chain, resulting from interactions between amino acid side chains. |
| Describe the quaternary structure of proteins. | Quaternary structure: The arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains to form a functional protein complex |
| Distinguish between α-glucose and β-glucose | α-glucose having the hydroxyl group below the plane, and β-glucose having it above the plane. |
| What do monosaccharides contain? | Either an aldehyde group (aldose) or a ketone group (ketose) and several -OH groups. |
| Describe the difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids | Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chain, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, resulting in a bent structure. |
