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level: Food supply, plant growth and productivity

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Food supply, plant growth and productivity

QuestionAnswer
what is food securitythe ability of human populations to access food of sufficient quality and quantity
what are the three strains of food securityquantity quality access
what does increase in human population and concern for food security lead toa demand for increased food production
what must food production besustainable not degrade the natural resources on which agriculture depends
what does agricultural lproduction depend onfactors that control photosynthesis and plant growth
is the area to crow crops limited or unlimitedlimited
what four factors does increased food production depend onbreeding of higher yielding cultivars use of fertiliser protecting crops from pests diseases and competition
what is all food production dependent ultimately uponphotosynthesis
what are some plant crop examplescereals potato roots legumes
What kind of crops do breeders intend to developcrops with: higher nutritional values resistant to pests and diseases physical characteristics suited to rearing and harvesting the ability to thrive in particular environmental conditions
where is livestock production often possiblein habitats unsuitable for growing crops
what part of the electromagnetic spectrum drives photosynthesisvisible light
what happens to light energy that is not absorbed by leaf pigmentsit is transmitted or reflected
what happens to light energy that is absorbed by photosynthetic pigmentsit generates ATP it is used for photolysis
what are substances in a leaf that absorb light calledpigments
what are the four photosynthetic pigments found in plantschlorophyll A chlorophyll B Carotene Xanthopyll
what is the function of choloropyll Ainitiates the light reactions / photolysis
what is the function of chlorophyll Baccessory pigment
what is the function of caroteneaccessory pigment / carotenoid
what is the function of xanthophyllaccessory pigment/carotenoid
what is the function of the accessory pigmentscapture light energy and then pass energy on to chlorophyll A
how can we measure the proportion of a particular wavelength absorbed by a pigmentusing a spectrophotometer / spectroscope
what will be seen on a spectroscope if a wavelength/colour is absorbedthere will be a black band over that wavelength/colour
what is an absorption spectruma graph plotting a pigments visible light absorption
what is an action spectrumgraph of the rate of photosynthesis over all visible wavelengths of light
what does each pigment absorba different range of wavelengths of light
what do carotenoids doextend the range of wavelengths absorbed and pass energy to chlorophyll for photosynthesis
what structures are present in chloroplaststhylakoid stroma
what is found in the thylakoid membranechlorophyll
where does photolysis/the light dependent reaction take placethe membrane of the thylakoids in the chloroplasts
describe photolysislight energy strikes the thylakoid membranes and is absorbed by the pigment molecules absorbed light energy excites electrons in the pigment molecule the transfer of these electrons through the electron transport chain releases energy to generate ATP by ATP synthase energy is also used to split water into oxygen (which is evolved/released) and hydrogen ions, which are transferred to the coenzyme NADP, forming NADPH.
what is produced at the end of the light reactionATP NADPH oxygen
where does the calvin cycle (carbon fixation stage) take placethe stroma of the chloroplast
describe the calvin cyclethe enzyme RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide by attaching it to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) The 3PG is phosphorylated by ATP and combined with hydrogen ions from NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) G3P is used to regenerate RuBP and for the synthesis of glucose
what is glucose used for in the calvin cycleas a respiratory substrate synthesised into starch or cellulose passed to other biosynthetic pathways (which can lead to the formation of a variety of metabolites such as DNA, protein and fat)