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level: Genetic Control of Metabolism

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Genetic Control of Metabolism

QuestionAnswer
how can wild strains of microbes be improvedmutagenesis recombinant DNA technology
describe mutagenesisexposure to UV light of other forms of radiation or mutagenic chemicals results in mutations, some of which may produce an improved strain of micro organism
what is recombinant DNA technologyinvolves the use of recombinant plasmids and artificial chromosomes as vectors
what is a vectora DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic information into another cell both plasmids and artificial chromosomes are used as vectors during recombinant DNA technology
when are artificial chromosomes preferable to plasmids as vectorswhen larger fragments of foreign DNA are required to be inserted
describe the recombinant DNA technology processrestriction endonucleases cut open plasmids and specific genes out of chromosomes leaving sticky ends. complementary sticky ends are produced when the same restriction endonuclease (which recognises a speciifc short sequence of DNA bases) is used to cut open the plasmid and the gene from the chromosome ligase seals the gene into the plasmid
what are the four parts of recombinant plasmids/artificial chromosomesrestriction sites regulatory sequences origin of replication selectable markers
what is the function of restriction sitescontain target sequences of DNA where specific restriction endonucleases cut
what is the function of regulatory sequencescontrol gene expression
what is the function of the origin of replicationallows self replication of the plasmid/artificial chromosome
what is the function of selectable markers (eg. antibiotic resistance genes)protect the microorganism from a selective agent (anti-biotic) that would normally kill it or prevent it from growing Selectable marker genes present in the vector ensure that only microorganisms that have taken up the vector grow in the presence of the selective agent (antibiotic)
what is done to micro organisms as a safety mechanismgenes are introduced that prevent the survival of the micro organisms in an external environment
what is a problem with bacterial host cellsrecombinant yeast cells may be used because plant or animal recombinant DNA expressed in bacteria may result in poly peptides being incorrectly folded use of recombinant yeast cells to produce active forms of the protein which are inactive in bacteria