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level: Nuclear reactions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Nuclear reactions

QuestionAnswer
what effect does beta decay have on atomic and mass number of an atomatomic number increases by 1 mass number remains unchanged
what are isotopesatoms of the same element with different mass numbers
what are the three types of radioactive decayalpha beta gamma
what is the function of radioactive decayit makes atoms more stable
what does an alpha particle consist oftwo protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus)
what is released during alpha decayan alpha particle is released
what effect does alpha decay have on atomic and mass number of an atomatomic number is reduced by two mass number is reduced by four
what is a beta particlea fast moving electron
what is released during beta decaya beta particle a neutrino
what effect does beta decay have on atomic and mass number of an atomatomic number increases by 1 mass number remains unchanged
what is released during gamma emissiona high energy photon of electromagnetic radiation
what effect does gamma emission have on atomic and mass number of an atommass number + atomic number remain unchanged gamma photons are part of the electromagnetic spectrum so have no mass or charge
what is nuclear fusionwhen two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus
where does nuclear fusion take placein our sun and other stars
what happens to the products of fusionthey gain kinetic energy which can be harnessed
name an equation that links energy and massE=mc^2 E is energy in joules m is mass in kg c is the speed of light
what is nuclear fissionwhen a large unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei
what is released when fission takes placeneutrons
what are the two types of nuclear fissionspontaneous induced
describe spontaneous nuclear fissiona natural process in which a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei resulting in the release of neutrons that will not be contained in the two smaller nuclei
describe induced nuclear fissionwhen a large nucleus is bombarded with neutrons and absorbs one of them, making the nucleus very unstable and causing it to split
how can you tell from an equation that fission is inducedthere is a neutron present on the left side
what happens to the products of nuclear fissionthey gain kinetic energy this energy is harnessed in nuclear power stations
what is meant by binding energyenergy required to hold nucleons (components of a nucleus) together as a nucleus a nucleus is made of protons and neutrons, and there are forces of repulsion between the positive protons in the nucleus, so energy is required to hold the nucleus together
iron has a mass number of 56 and is one of the most stable of all the elements. what does this tell you about its binding energy?it has a high binding energy per nucleon
what is meant by mass defectthe difference between the total mass of a nucleus and the total mass of nucleons that make up the nucleus OR the difference in mass between products and reactants during a nuclear reaction it is equivalent to binding energy of the nucleus
are elements with lower and higher mass numbers (per nucleon?) more or less stable than othersless stable
what are the benefits of fusion over fissionthe amount of energy released in a fusion reaction is vastly greater than in a fission reaction it does not produce radioactive waste safer as fission can cause explosions/fire fuel is more abundant (hydrogen)
why do fusion and fission produce energythe mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants, there is a mass defect. this mass is converted to energy in accordance with e=mc^2