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level: Level 1 of Gene expression

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Gene expression

QuestionAnswer
Features of stem cells- unspecialised - develop into other specialised cells -divide renew themselves
Multipotent stem cellsThis type of cells can specialise into few different types of body cells -adults mammals - bone marrow
Unipotent stem cellsCan only specialise into one type of body cell -found in adult mammals
Induced pluripotent stem cellsa unipotent cell is forced/induced to become a pluriportent cell
Ways to remeber all your stem cellsTOTally Pretty MULTIcoloured Unicorn totipoten /all Pluripotent/all except placenta Multipotent/few Unipotent/1
What is differentiationspecilaisation of stem cells switching genes on
What is a promoter regionupstream of a gene
3 ways to create DNA fragments(isolating genes)1. cDNA 2. Restriction enzyme 3. Gene machine
What is the process of making CDNAReverse transcriptase is added to mrna to make a template free DNA nucleotided mkae complementary base pairs with mRNA , reverse transcriptase joins the backbone. Copies of the CNA bound are copied cDNA strands join by DNA polymerase
The cut / reverse transcriptaseA gene is cut at the restriction site by a restriction enzyme . The enzymes cuts at specific sequence of bases known as a restriction site , this is palindromic sequence, the enzyme breaks the phosphodiester bonds leaving sticky ends
Example of DNA amplification / in vitro cloningPolymerase chain reaction
What are key temperatures important for PCR90-50-70
What is PCRAt 90 degrees DNA is heated to break hydrogen bonds , it then cooled at 50 degrees primers are added to the ends of each single strands, it is then heated to 70 degrees free nucleotides are added so complemantry base pairs ,DNA polymersae joins back bones so two DNA strands produced
In Vivo cloning is what ?cut cut stick
Cut cut stick theoryCut out gene - by restriction enzyme theory leaving sticky ends Cut out gene at bacteria - restriction enzyme theory of plasmid Stick - sticky ends join together DNA ligase forms back bone creating recombinant DNA
How do you insert into bacteria and grow and find itHEAT SHOCK AND ICE COLD SHOCK with CaCL2 so bacteria takes up plasmid Find by marker gene and grow on petri dish