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level: Equilibria

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Equilibria

QuestionAnswer
what is meant by a reaction being at equilibriumwhen the rate of the forward and reverse reaction are equal and the concentration of reactants and products remain constant (but rarely equal)
what is meant by dynamic equilibriumwhen rates of forward and reverse reaction are equal
what is meant by a closed systemwhen the reaction is carried out in a sealed container so no reactants or products are lost
in what sort of system only can equilibrium occurclosed system
why do chemists move the position of equilibriumto favour the products and maximised their profits eg. the haber process uses high pressure to favour the products and a medium temperature
what is meant by 'position of equilibrium lies to the left'concentration of the reactants is greater than the products at equilibrium
what is meant by 'position of equilibrium lies to the right'concentration of the products is greater than the concentration of the reactants
what does le Chateliers principle stateany change made to a reaction which is at equilibrium will result in the equilibrium position moving to minimise the change made (put simply, if there is a change in reaction that increases the concentration of either products or reactants, the system will try to reverse that change)
what is the effect of changing temperature on position of equilibriumincreasing the temperature favours the endothermic reaction - the position of the equilibrium shifts in the direction of the endothermic reaction decreasing temperature favours the exothermic reaction - the position of equilibrium shifts in the direction of the exothermic reaction
what is the effect of changing pressure on the position of equilibriumchanging pressure only affects substances in a GASEOUS STATE increasing pressure favours the side with the lower gas volume (less moles of gas) decreasing the pressure favours the side with the higher gas volume (more moles of gas)
what effect does changing concentration have on position of equilibriumadding a reactant or removing a product will shift equilibrium to the right (to compensate the gain/loss) adding a product or removing a reactant will shift equilibrium to the left hydroxide and hydrogen ions will react to form water, which will add a product or reactant depending on the reaction
what effect do catalysts have on equilibriumthey have no effect on equilibrium position, they will allow equilibrium to be reached quicker and at a lower temperature