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level: DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DRUGS

QuestionAnswer
an imidazopyridine αLPHA 1 subunit of BZD GABA A binding site, rapid onset of action, short t1/2 → treats INSOMNIA (sleep maintenance)Zolpidem (Ambien)
a cyclopyrrolone 'superagonist': α1β2γ2 and α1β2γ3, longer t1/2, FOR PATIENT WHO AWAKEN AT NIGHTEszopiclone (Lunesta)
short acting non-BZD hypnotic, short t1/2 more rapid onset of action than Zolpidem initiate sleep instead of keeping sleepZALEPLON (Sonata, pyrazolopyrimidine)
Melatonin Receptor Agonist (TARGETS Melatonin) M1 - sleepiness ® M2 and M3: CIRCADIAN RHYTHM Supplement: sleep aid Poor hypnotic> Poor potency, Poor absorption, Poor oral bioavailability, Rapid metabolism No addiction liabilityRamelteon (Rozerem)
DOC for Anxiety (Pentobarbital and Amobarbital) and Insomnia Sedative-hypnotic drug binds to allosteric recognition site on GABAA receptor INCREASE DURATION of the GABA-gated Cl- channel openings 'GABA mimetic effect'- ↑ ion flux → CNS depressionBARBITURATES
Anticonvulsant> seizures in childrenPhenobarbital (Luminal) (BARBITURATES)
Induction of AnesthesiaThiopental (BARBITURATES)
Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics1 Amide and Imides 2 Alcohols & carbamate derivatives ex. Meprobamate
mild sedative-hypnotic, quick onset, short DOAEthchlorvynol, USP ( Placidyl) (Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics)
anti-anxiety agent, sedative-hypnotic, muscle relaxantMeprobamate, USP (Equanil, Miltown) (Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics)
also called Neuroleptics (cause movement disorders) Major Tranquilizers Used primarily to treat schizophrenia, manic states with psychotic symptoms ( delusions, paranoia, hallucinations) DECREASES THE INTENSITY OF HALLUCINATIONS and DELUSIONS onlyAntipsychotic drugs
Chloral hydrate + alcohol =Mickey Finn Death
Characterized by positive and negative sx, a pattern of social and occupational deterioration Persist up to 6 monthsSchizophrenia
States that the brain of schizophrenic patients produces MORE DOPAMINE than the brain of a normal person. Schizophrenics have high number of D2 receptorsDopamine Hypothesis
Serotonin Hypothesis states that excess serotonin can induce psychotic symptoms. Supporting this hypothesis is the finding that hallucinogens acting as __ receptor agonists can produce psychotic symptoms indistinguishable from those of the active phase of schizophreniaPARTIAL 5-HT2A
1ST GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS Blocks D2 receptors only treats positive symptoms onlyTypical ANTIPSYCHOTICS
2ND GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS Blocks D2 and 5HT2A receptors treats positive and negative symptomsAtypical ANTIPSYCHOTICS