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level: DRUGS - POLYPEPTIDES

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DRUGS - POLYPEPTIDES

Question	Answer
from Streptomyces orientalis, 1958 Cultures of an Indonesian oil sample and Indian soil Gram Negative: N. gonorrhoea Treatment for Endocarditis by gram POSITIVE Active against gram POSITIVE cocci> staph, strep, pneumococci ADVERSE EFFECT: Flushing, RED MAN SYNDROME, impaired auditory acuity, renal damage, phlebitis, rashes	Vancomycin HCl
1 Antitumor 2 Anti-TB	1 Actinomycin & Bleomycin 2 Capreomycin & Viomycin
Vancomycin is ALWAYS administered __, for the treatment of systemic infections	IV (never IM), either by SLOW injection or Continuous Infusion
Vancomycin is 1 Always administered __ for the treatment of systemic infections 2 May be administered orally for the treatment of __	. 1) IV by Slow injection or Continuous infusion 2 Staphylococcal enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous colitis (caused by clindamycin)
Antibacterial activity against Gram POSITIVE > staph, strep, enterococci, Clostridium, Corynebacterium spp, Propionibacterium acnes and L. monocytogenes Mixture of five closely related glycopeptide antibiotic Actinomycete Actinoplanes teichomyceticus Greater lipid solubility than vancomycin Long half life- Once a day dosing Not irritating to tissues>IM or IV Same MOA, less toxic than vancomycin	Teicoplanin
1945: Bacillus subtilis Isolated from debrided tissue from a compound fracture in 7 yr old Margaret Tracy Not absorbed in GI tract Bactericidal antibiotic that is active against GRAM POSITIVE Exerts its bactericidal effect through inhibition of mucopeptide cell wall synthesis. Its action is enhanced by Zinc Not absorbed in GI tract	Bacitracin
Topical applications for local infections in wounds and burns used with Bacitracin - GRAM POSITIVE Oral administration for the treatment of intestinal infection such Pseudomonal enteritis and Shigella spp. from Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus aerosporus As sulfate, less kidney damage (systemic) = against Gram NEGATIVE	Polymyxin B Sulfate (Aerosporin)
1950: isolated from Aerobacillus colistinus, Colistin Used specially in the treatment of REFRACTORY URINARY TRACT infections caused by gram - such as Aerobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseuodomonas, Salmonella, Shigella	Colistin sulfate
Colistin sulfate main component	Colistin A
Obtained from thyrothricin, extraction of cultures of Bacillus brevis Acts as an ionophore in bacterial cell membrane to cause the loss of potassium ion form the cell. Bactericidal Effective against gram POSITIVE organisms Local applications, avoid direct contact with the bloodstream thru open wounds or abrasions ( cause lysis in erythrocytes)	Gramicidin