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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
1 Discovered Aminoglycosides 2 Aminoglycosides are isolated from1 Schatz and associates (1939- 1944) 2 genus Streptomyces (griseus)
Structurally related to Streptomycin1 Kanamycin, 2 Neomycin, 3 Paromomycin, 4 Gentamicin, 5 Tobramycin, 6 Netilmicin
Semisynthetic derivative of KanamycinAmikacin
Aminoglycosides CharacteristicAbsorbed very poorly (less than 1%) following oral administration Treatment for systemic infections (Parenteral)
Aminoglycosides Side Effects1 Neurotoxicity 2 Allergic reactions 3 Nephrotoxicity 4 Ototoxicity NANO
Aminoglycosides are 1 strongly basic compounds that exist as __ 2 Their inorganic acid salts are __ in water 3 All are available as __ 4 Solutions of the aminoglycoside salts are stable to __. 1 polycations at physiological pH. 2 very soluble 3 sulfates. 4 autoclaving.
Aminoglycosides 1 __ of the aminoglycosides contributes to their pharmacokinetic properties. 2 Aminoglycosides distribute well into most body fluids but not into the __ 3 Aminoglycosides tend to concentrate in __. 1 The high water solubility 2 Central Nervous System, Bone, or Fatty or Connective Tissues. 3 Kidneys
Aminoglycosides Spectrum Of Activity1 Broad spectrum 2 Treatment of serious systemic infections caused by aerobic gram -ve bacilli 3 Aerobic Gram +ve and -ve cocci is less sensitive --> Beta lactam rings are preferred
Aminoglycosides Mode of Action1 act directly on the bacterial ribosome to INHIBIT THE INITIATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 2 They bind to the 30S RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT to form a complex that cannot initiate proper amino acid polymerization. 3 Causes MISREADING mutations of the genetic code (mRNA), and hence incorporation of improper amino acids into the peptide chain
Aminoglycoside + sulfate =more soluble