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Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
The Theory of EvolutionChange in a population of species over time
Theory of Acquired Traits/LamarckismBiologists define an acquired characteristic as one that has developed in the course of the life of an individual in the somatic or body cells, usually as a direct response to some external change in the environment or through the use or disuse of a part.
Charles DarwinThe father of evolution. Took a voyage to the Galapagos Island; collected and examined specimens there, and how diverse and well-suited organisms were to their unique environments
Based on his observations in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin identified:1) Trait variations from gene mutations 2) Natural Selection (Survival of the "Fittest") 3) Reproductive Inheritance 4) Population Adaptation
Trait Variation from Gene MutationsRandom mutations in DNA add diversity to the variation of traits in a "gene pool", which refers to the frequency of genetic variations in a population
Natural Selection("Survival of the "Fittest")Nature selects in favor of organisms possessing advantageous traits that increase their "fitness", which is the ability to survive and reproduce.
Reproductive InheritanceAn organism with an advantageous adaptation are able to survive long enough to reproduce and pass that adaptive trait to the next generation of offspring
Population AdaptationOvertime, the frequency of organisms in the population with the adaptive trait will be higher than the frequency of organisms with less advantageous traits
SpeciationNew species arise when organisms diversify away from a common ancestor by evolving and evolving to specialize in a new niche
SpeciesOrganisms similar enough that they can mate (inbreed) AND produce FERTILE offspring
FossilsA historical timeline of change in organisms
Relative DatingThe deeper the fossil, the older it is
Radioactive Carbon Isotope DatingEstimates a fossil's age by how much its radioactive carbon isotope has decayed over time; the less there is, the older it is
EmbryologySome scientists theorize that the similarities organisms share as embryos suggests that all organisms have evolved from one shared common ancestor
Homologous StructuresSimilar bone structures without having to have the same function. Evolutionists argue that they're similar because they all evolved from one shared common ancestor
Vestigial Structures & BehaviorsTheorized to be leftover remnants of evolutionary common ancestor because they are not necessary for survival; other scientists argue there's no such thing, because there's still a purpose for them today even if undiscovered
Analogous StructuresBone structures that don't look similar but serve the same function
What's the biggest misconception about Evolution?That Humans evolved from modern-day apes. This is not true!
Gene Pooltotal collection of genes in a population at any 1 time
Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms because...natural selection operates on a "better than" basis