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level: level 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: level 3

QuestionAnswer
should remain solid at Room Temp but soften, melt or dissolve readily at body temp so that drug is fully available once insertedSuppository bases
Superior base for treatment of anorectal disorders because of its emollient or soothing, spreading action.Cocoa Butter
Nature of Suppository BasesThe base must be capable of melting, softening, or dissolving to release its drug for absorption. The base should not irritate the mucous membranes of the rectum Avoiding colonic response and prompt a bowel movement, eliminating the prospect of complete drug release and absorption. No chemical and/or physical interactions between the medicinal agent and the suppository base, which may affect the stability and/or bioavailability of the drug. Long-acting or slow-release suppositories are also prepared. Morphine sulfate in slow-release suppositories is prepared by compounding pharmacists. The base includes a material such as alginic acid, which will prolong the release of the drug over several hours .
CLASSIFICATION OF SUPPOSITORY BASES1 fatty or oleaginous bases. 2 water-soluble or water-miscible bases. 3 miscellaneous bases, generally combinations of Lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. MNEMONICS: FAWAMIS
Ideal suppository bases:1 physically and chemically stable 2 nonirritating 3 non-toxic 4 nonsensitizing 5 compatible with variety of drugs 6 stable during storage 7 esthetically acceptable 8 It should contract slightly on cooling or release itself from 9 the mold with requiring mold lubricants 10 has wetting and emulsifying properties 11 high water number 12 can be manufactured by molding by hand, machine, 13 compression or extrusion 14 It should melt or dissolve in rectal fluids and should not bind
Most frequently employed, Cocoa butter Hydrogenated fatty acids of vegetable oils ,i.e. such as palm kernel oil and cottonseed oil Fat based compounds containing compounds of glycerin with the higher–molecular-weight fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acid, such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitateFatty or oleaginous bases
Fat obtained from the roasted seed of Theobroma cacao. is an IDEAL BASE, melting just below body temperature and yet maintaining its solidity at usual room temperatures. melts at 30˚C to 36˚C (86°F to 97°F), Yellowish-white solid having a faint, agreeable chocolate-like odor. Chemically, it is a triglyceride (combination of glycerin and one or different fatty acids).(Fatty or Oleaginous Bases) Cocoa Butter, NF
1 Cocoa butter exhibits __, because of its triglyceride content1 polymorphism
Polymorphic Forms of Cocoa Butter1 Alpha crystals (metastable crystalline form) 2 Beta crystals (greater stability and higher melting point)
1 Cocoa Butter solidifying agents 2 Substances such as __ have a tendency to lower the melting point of cocoa butter.1 Cetyl Ester Wax (20%) or Beeswax (4%) 2 phenol and chloral hydrate
1 (triglycerides from palm, palm kernel, coconut oils with self-emulsifying glyceryl monostearate and polyoxyl stearate) 2 ( from coconut oil) 3 ( sat. FA C12-C-18 with partial glycerides)1 Fattibase 2 Weecobee bases 3 Witepsol bases
Water-Soluble and Water-Miscible Bases1 Glycerinated gelatin 2 Polyethylene glycols
It is for vaginal suppository - hydrophobic and causes irritation that's why it's seldom used as rectal supp SLOWER TO SOFTEN and mix with the physiologic fluids than is cocoa butter and therefore provides a SLOWER RELEASE have a tendency to absorb moisture as a result of the HYGROSCOPIC NATURE, they must be protected from atmospheric moisture may have a DEHYDRATING EFFECT and irritate the tissues upon insertion. most frequently used in preparation of vaginal suppositories, prolonged local action of the medicinal agent is usually desired.Glycerinated gelatin
Glycerinated gelatin preparations1 dissolving granular gelatin (20%) in glycerin (70%) and adding water or a solution or suspension of the medication (10%).
__ in the formula for the suppositories minimizes this action; however, if necessary, the suppositories may be moistened with __ prior to insertion to reduce the initial tendency of the base to draw water from the mucous membranes and irritate the tissues.Water glycerol + water + gelatin = glycero-gelatin base
much more easily inserted than those with a cocoa butter baseUrethral suppository
Urethral suppositories Formulathe gelatin constitutes about 60% the glycerin 20% the medicated aqueous portion about 20%