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level: Calcium

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Calcium

QuestionAnswer
In order for calcemia to occur, what else must be high in the diet?Vitamin D
RDA for 9-18yrs, 19-50 years, pregnancy/lactation?1300mg/d 1000 mg/d Pregnancy and lactation are the same dependent on age
RDA 9-18 yrs old, 19-50 yrs MALE1300mg/d 1000 mg/d
UL calcium for 9-18 YO, and 19-50 YO3000mg/d 2500 mg/d
Ca food sources: (6)Dairy Products/Milk alternatives Soy products Legumes Nuts and Seeds Leafy Greens
Coral calcium is not recommended because it potentially contains __________Heavy Metals
You can not absorb more than _______mg of calcium in one sitting500mg
Oftentimes Ca supplements contain ______ and _______Mg Vit. D
Calcium citrate doesn't need _______ to be absorbed and there fore can be taken _________. It costs ___________ than calcium carbonateAcid on an empty stomach more
Calcium carbonate common side effects (3)Gas/bloating stomach pain Constipation
Calcium must be digested. It takes ______ at acidic pH to be broken down and only ________% is absorbed~1hr 25-35%
What are the 3 paths Ca can be absorbed? Which is most common?Paracellular diffusion Carrier-mediated cellular transport <- - - most common some in the Colon
What enhances Ca absorption? (3)Vit. D Protein Sugar/sugar alcohols
What can inhibit Ca absorption? (6)Phytic acid/oxalate Fiber Fatty acids Diuretics/PPIs Alcohol+smoking divalent cations All the same as Mg except replace phosphorous with divalent cations
Sources of oxalic acid (6)Spinach Legumes Nuts Chocolate Fruit Tea leaves
Sources of both oxalic acid and phytic acid?Legumes Spinach Nuts Lets Stay Near
Phytic Acid/Phytate food sources (5)Legumes Spinach Nuts Corn Grains
What increases Ca in the Urine?Protein Sodium Caffeine Causes Pee Stones
increase [?] and [?] increases the risk of kidney stonesCa Oxalate
Excess Ca decreases absorption of (3)Phosphorous Iron Fatty Acids
Excess ________ increases bone loss over timesodium
What is the name of the carrier mediated transporter for CaTRPV6
Calbindin is made by ________Vitamin D
__________ moves calcium through a cellCalbindin
Elderly have decreased absorption of Ca because of: (3)decreased HCL production decreased TRPV6 and calbindin decreased Vit D synthesis/absorption
What is PMCA?An enzyme used for Ca absorption (Plasma Membrane Ca ATPase)
In the blood stream, Ca travels three different ways, which one is the most common way?Protein bound nonprotein complex free Ca +2 < - - - most common
Parathyroid hormone regulates _____, ______, and ________Ca, Mg, and Phosphorus
PTH helps to regulate Ca by using three methods:increase Ca absorption in the intestines Ca reabsorption in the kidneys and takes calcium from the surface of bones
What 10 nutrients help improve bone health?Ca Mg P F Zn Protein Vitamin C, A, K, D CaMP FiZz serves Protein CAKD
What 3 enzymes/protein does Ca act as a cofactor for?NO synthase Calmodulin Pyruvate Kinase
What are Ca Functions? (6)Blood clotting Blood pressure Neurotransmission Signal Transduction Muscle Contraction Insulin Metabolism Bloody Bones Should Never Interest Me
____% of Ca is used for bone99%
Who is at risk for a Ca deficiency? (8)Medications (Diuretics + PPIs) Excess alcohol Elderly Females Malabsorbtion (IBD) Milk Aversions Post menopausal Vegans MMMM FAVE
Diseases related to Ca deficiency (4)Rickets Osteopenia/Osteoporosis Tetany Hypertension THOR
Osteoporosis occurs in ___male/female____ more than ___male/female____females males
Tetany has symptoms such as: (2)Muscle spasms and parasthesia
Ca toxicity can lead to (4)constipaton Headaches Kidney Stones Hypercalcemia HH*CK