| leaf disk lab | measures photosynthesis; polarity results in separation; aquatic plant undergoes photosynthesis; multiple pigment--more sunlight; oxygen makes leaf float; photosynthesis rate reduced without baking soda |
| basic pH | pink |
| acidic pH | clear |
| stomata | allow CO2 and O2 exchange between the air and the photosynthetic cells in a leaf |
| palisades mesophyll | main function is photosynthesis; contains high concentration of chloroplasts |
| spongy mesophyll | facilitates gas exchange; allows uptake of CO2 and release of O2 |
| tree shape | allows for sunlight capture; b/ of environment |
| plant in window vs dark; which is taller | plant in dark |
| knot | where branch comes out |
| tree growth | adds more cells to the top |
| organs | root, stem, leaf |
| root function | Anchoring the plant; Absorbing minerals and water; Storing carbohydrates; absorption of water and minerals occurs near root hairs (increased surface area) |
| 40-10-10 | nitrogen (proteins)--phosphorus (DNA)--potassium (coenzymes) |
| stem | maximizes sun exposure; transport |
| answer always is | to maximize photosynthesis |
| transported up | water and nutrients |
| apical bud (meristematic tissue) | on top; vertical growth |
| transported down | sugar (builds more roots) |
| axillary bud (meristematic tissue) | on side; not primary or secondary growth; produce branches |
| leaves | maximize photosynthesis |
| types of leaves | monocot, dicot, and needle |
| dermal | Protective covering of plants (“like skin”); absorbs things |
| vascular | Transport water and materials to Xylem and Phloem |
| ground | tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular |
| xylem (passive) | conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots to leaves; dead at maturity |
| phloem (active) | transports organic nutrients from leaf to where they are needed; alive at maturity |
| primary growth | height and length |
| secondary growth | gets thicker; new rings |
| meristems | perpetually embryonic tissue that allow for indeterminate growth; plant stem cells |
| tap root | deep in order to find water |
| lateral root | closer to surface of soil; support water |
| cacti in desert | have lateral roots; rain is scarce |
| sand | biggest |
| silt | middle |
| clay | smallest; "heavy soil" |
| equal concentration of sand, silt, and clay | loam (best for agriculture) |
| plants need O2 for | respiration |
| Rhizome (below) and Stolon (above) | are the same thing |
| vascular tissue in center | root |
| vascular tissue not in center | stem |
| angiosperms | grasses, trees, agricultural plants; breaks into monocots and dicots |
| gymnosperms | evergreen, spruces, fur, needles, cone |
| first leaf and stem | cotyledon |
| first root | radical |
| is there appropriate death for seeds to be planted | yes; seeds have sugar to make the1st radical and cotyledon |
| monocot | 1 leaf through soil; have O |
| dicot | 2 leaves through soil; have X |
| monocot leaf | vascular tissue is equally spaced |
| where is xylem | inside |
| where is phloem | outside |
| vascular cambium | meristematic tissue that makes new cells; adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem |
| everything from vascular cambium to inside is what type of cell | xylem cells |
| everything from outside vascular cambium is what type of cell | phloem; further out---older phloem |
| cork cambium | makes dermal tissue |
| why isn't there equal amount of phloem and xylem | phloem is being taken off |
| why does tree not loose inside | important for structural support |
| can vascular cambium regenerate itself | yes |
| light and dark together make | 1 ring |
| when are the xylem cells bigger | in the spring (conduct more water) |
| grafting | anything in the same genus; seeds in apple are different (sexual reproduction) |
| Casparian strips | ring-like cell-wall modifications in the root endodermis of vascular plants |
| symplastic | through cytoplasm (plasmodesmata) |
| apoplastic | through cell wall |
| sapwood | xylem cells still functional (close to vascular cambium) |
| hardwood | xylem cells not functional |
| what does grafting match up | vascular cambium |
| what moves through the phloem | sugar |
| why do grafs fail and what will u see in 5 years | they don't hold; V shape |
