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level: Magnesium

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Magnesium

QuestionAnswer
Mg RDA for males400mg
Mg RDA for females310 mg
UL for Mg350 mg
The UL is ______ than the RDA for males because it is based off of _________less non-food sources (supplements)
Excess intake of Mg mostly comes from: (3)Supplements Antacids Laxatives
Mg is cleared rapidly by ______ so toxicity is unlikely unless you have _________Kidneys renal disease
__________ can occur when laxatives are abusedRebound Constipation
Mg Toxicity symptoms (7)Diarrhea Abdominal cramping Nausea Slurring Muscle paraylsis/weakness double vision Flushing of skin
Sources of Mg (7)Fish Nuts + seeds legumes (dark) chocolate whole grains milk + yogurt leafy greens
___________ food can decrease mg content by ________processing >75%
What two ways can Mg be absorbed? Which one is the most commonCarrier Mediated transcellular Transport Paracellular diffusion <- - - most common
What inhibits Mg absorption? (6) bonus: which ones inhibit Ca?Phytic Acid + oxalate (gel forming) fiber high amounts of phosphorus unabsorbed fatty acids Diuretics + PPIs Alcohol + smoking *All but phosphorus inhibit Ca
Excess ________ , ________ and __________ can negatively effect Mg absorption?Protein Salt Caffeine
What is the name of the carrier mediated transcellular transporter that Mg uses? What does the M stand for?TRPM6 Melastatin
What absorption pathway for Mg requires no energy?Paracellular diffusion
Mg is transported through the blood either bound to a ____ or ______, or as ______ Mg. Most is transported as _________albumin non-protein structures Free Free Mg
Mg functions in the body: (6)Bone mineralization (crystal lattice) Blood Clotting Relax smooth/skeletal muscles Cobra bite treatment Neuron transmission Glucose regulation Bones Bleed Really Copiously Near Glue
What enzymes does Mg work as a coenzyme for? 3Phosphorylase Kinase Oxidative decarboxylation Phosphofructokinase (PFK) POP
What is the importance of Phosphorylase Kinase?Glycogen Metabolism
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the _________enzyme in _________rate-limiting glycolysis
Oxidative Decarboxylation is important for _________Krebs Cycle
Mg functions: cellular level (4)Aids in the metabolism of ATP Amino acid/protein synthesis Hydroxylation of Vit D (25th pos.) Beta-oxidation BAAH
Who's at risk for a magnesium deficiency? (6)Medications (PPI, diuretics) Malabsorption disease (IBD) Type 2 DM/Metabolic Syndrome Alcoholics Chronic Stress Kidney Failure M&M TACK
What is Mg relationship with PTH hormone?low magnesium = release of PTH hormone
PTH causes Mg to be increased in the body by ___(3)_____increase absorption decrease Mg in urine increase release of Mg from bone
initial stage stages of Mg deficiency symptoms (3)fatigue nausea + vomiting decreased appetite
Further stages of Mg deficiency symptoms (5)Muscle cramping, headache, numbness/tingling, nervousness, personality changes
Deficiencies of Mg are rare because _____(3)______1) stored in our bones 2) High reabsorption rate 3) Easily found in diet
Diseases related to Mg (7)Migraines Osteoporosis Metabolic Syndrome Hypertension Constipation Diabetes Mellitus CVD MOM Hates CDC
If Mg+2 is suboptimal, these 3 things will occurdecrease anti-inflammatory effects tyrosine kinase malfunction increase vasoconstriction
What does Tyrosine Kinase do?Increase Insulin Release/ Increase glucose uptake
Migrain headaches are caused by (3)Neurotransmitter issues High BP Increased Vasoconstriction