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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to finely divided state and intended for internal or external use.Powder
Historical Use of Powder: 1 Internal 2 External1 orally, administered thru the nose as snuffs, or insufflation 2 applied to compromised area of body
Applications of PowderPneumonics: EADIIP 1 Enable us to easily alter the quantity of medication for each dose 2 Aid in clinical studies 3 Doses can be individually weighed and placed in powder papers, envelopes, small vials/ bottles 4 Infants, Young children: powder is mixed with a formula or app. Food 5 If drug is bulky, powder is suitable form 6 Provide rapid onset of action> readily dispersed, large surface area, require only dissolution
Applications of Powder 1 Infants, Young children: 2 Powder is the suitable form if drug is __ 3 Provide rapid onset of action>1 powder is mixed with a formula or applied Food 2 bulky 3 readily dispersed, large surface area, require only dissolution
Powder Composition1 Properly prepared powders> uniform, small particle size that has an elegant appearance 2 More stable than liquid, rapidly soluble> drug is absorbed quickly 3 Large particles settle rapidly than small particles 4 Characteristics must be considered in mixing or storing, shipping> diff size become segregated 5 Large surface area exposed to atmospheric conditions> tight containers
Should have uniform, small particle size that will not irritate the skin when applied impalpable and free flowing Easily adhere to skin Passed through mesh #100 sieve to minimize skin irritationTopical Powders
Topical Powders 1 should not be used in oozing wounds> form hard crust 2 prevent loss of water> will not cake on oozing surfaces 3 sterilized first to avoid infection1 Highly sorptive powders 2 More hydrophobic, water repellent powder 3 Talc
Topical powders 1 Base/vehicle: 2 Adherent: 3 aid in absorbing perspiration and gives cooling effect; flow easily, spread uniformly1 cornstarch/talc 2 Mg/Zn stearate 3 Large Surface Area
Finely divided powders Applied in body cavity; ears, nose, vagina, tooth socket, throat Insufflator/Puffer: Pt. Puffs desired quantity in the affected areaInsufflated powders
1 Insufflated powders are appropriate for __ 2 moisture-activated adherent incorporated to powder Ethylene oxide polymer with Hight Molecular Weight > viscous, mucoadhesive gel Serves as depot for long term drug delivery1 Anti infectives 2 Polyox
1 Dissolution rate of particles intended to dissolve; __ can increase the rate of drug dissolution and its bioavailability 2 Suspendability of particles intended to remain undissolved but uniformly dispersed in a __ 3 Uniform distribution of a drug substance in a powder mixture or solid dosage form to ensure __ 4 Penetrability of particles intended to be inhaled for deposition deep in the __ 5 Lack of grittiness of solid particles in dermal ointments, creams and ophthalmic preparations example1 Drug micronization 2 Liquid vehicle (e.g. fine dispersions have particles ~0.5 to 10 micrometers) 3 dose-to-dose content uniformity 4 respiratory tract (e.g. 1 to 5 micrometers) 5 (e.g. fine powders may be 50 to 100 micrometers in size)
Comminution of Drugs 1 reduces particle size by grinding with mortar and pestle 2 Mortar with a rough surface 3 Mortar with smooth surface 4 grinding a drug in a mortar to reduce its particle size 5 mills and pulverizers are used1 Small scale 2 porcelain mortar 3 glass mortar 4 Trituration or Comminution 5 Large scale
1 Small scale preparation of ointments and suspension to reduce particle size and grittiness of the added powders. 2 Paste is formed by combining __ and __ in which the powder is insoluble.1 Levigation (Mortar and pestle or ointment tile) 2 powder, a small amount of liquid (levigating agent)
1 is commonly used to incorporate the materials1 Figure 8 track (Mineral oil and Glycerin)
1 Blending small amounts of powders by movement of spatula through them on a sheet of paper or an ointment tile.1 Spatulation
1 Spatulation is not suitable for: 2 Very little compression or compacting of the powder results from spatulation, suited for __ when in close and prolonged contact with one another 3 Spatulation inert diluent1 large quantities of powders and powders containing potent substances 2 eutectic mixtures (liquefy) 3 light magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate Pneumonics: LMO, MC
1 Employed to comminute and to mix powders 2 simple admixture 3 small amount of potent subs is to be mixed with large amount of diluent1 Trituration 2 Mortar 3 Geometric dilution -Ensure uniform distribution of potent drug -Potent drug with equal volume of diluent in a mortar