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level: Alkenes

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Alkenes

QuestionAnswer
why are unsaturated compounds more reactive that saturated compounds?carbon atoms can bond to other atoms across the double bond in unsaturated compounds
what are the alkenes?a homologous series of hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
what is the first member of the alkene family?ethene there must be a minimum of 2 carbon atoms present to have a double bond present
what is the general formula for alkenes?CnH2n
what are alkenes used for?making plastics, ethanol and ethanoic acid, pesticides, medicine, toiletries and cosmetics
are alkenes soluble or insoluble in waterinsoluble
what is a functional group?an atom, group of atoms or types of bonds within a molecule that gives the compound its characteristic chemical properties
what is the functional group of an alkenecarbon to carbon double bond
what is an addition reactionwhen two molecules combine to form a single molecule it generally involves a multiple bond
what is hydrogenation?the addition of hydrogen to a carbon to carbon multiple bond to form the corresponding alkanes
what happens when alkenes undergo addition reactions with halogenshalogenation a halogenoalkane (dihaloalkane) is formed
what happens when alkenes undergo addition reactions with hydrogen halides?a halogenoalkane (haloalkane) is formed
what is a hydration reaction?an addition reaction where water is added to an alkene to produce an alcohol this reaction is carried out using a catalyst and water in the form of steam
what is an isomer?compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae, may belong to different homologous series and usually have different physical properties
cycloalkanes and alkenes with same number of carbon atoms are ___ of each otherisomers
name this molecule3-methylbut-1-ene
name this molecule2-methylhex-1-ene
define viscositya measure of how thick or runny a substance is a viscous substance is thick and syrupy a substance that isn't viscous is runny
what is flammabilitya measure of how easily a substance will ignite high flammability means the substance will ignite easily
what is volatilitya measure of how easily a substance will evaporate low volatility means it will not evaporate easily
name 5 physical properties that show a trend as you go down a homologousboiling point volatility flammability viscosity colour
describe the trend in boiling point as you go down a homologous seriesboiling point increases down a homologous series because as the size of a molecule increases, (more carbon atoms, longer carbon chain) there are more intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules, thus requiring more energy to separate.
describe the trend in volatility as you go down a homologous seriesvolatility decreases as you go down a homologous series because as molecules get larger there are more intermolecular forces that need to break in order to evaporate, requiring more energy
describe the trend in flammability as you go down a homologous seriesflammability decreases as you go down a homologous series because molecules have to evaporate and mix with oxygen before they can burn. Larger molecules require more energy to evaporate due to stronger intermolecular forces and are therefore less flammable.
describe the trend in viscosity as you go down a homologous seriesviscosity increases down a homologous series as the longer chains become entangled, making it harder for the molecules to move past each other, and so they do not flow as freely as smaller molecules
why are unsaturated compounds more reactive that saturated compounds?carbon atoms can bond to other atoms across the double bond in unsaturated compounds
what can alkenes undergo addition reactions with?halogens hydrogen hydrogen halides water
what happens in an addition reactionthe double bond is broken and a saturated product is formed the molecule has added across the double bond
what happens to the halogen when naming carbon compounds containing halogenthe halogen becomes the functional group and the name endings change fluorine - fluro chlorine - chloro bromine - bromo iodine - iodo
how many products can a hydrogen halide give if the double bond is not in the middle of the alkene molecule?two possible products, as it can add across the double bond in two different ways
name this compoundbromoethane
name this compound1,2-dichloroethane