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level: Essential Fats

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Essential Fats

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 types of omega 3 fatty acidsALA DHA EPA
What is the chemical structure of ALA: ( C#:#DB (N3) )18:3 (N3)
What is the chemical structure of DHA: ( C#:#DB (N3) )22:6 (N3)
What is the chemical structure of EPA: ( C#:#DB (N3) )20:5 (N3)
DHA is the ______ and has the most _____ this makes it ________longest double bonds fluid-like
What is the purpose of fatty acid desaturase and elongase. What do we need to consider in relation to the Omega 3 to 6 ratioThey add double bonds and make fatty acids longer *Omega 6 takes priority! We want to decrease the competition
ALA is inferior to EPA and DHA because... (2)Isn't often used for cell membranes isn't great for eicosanoid formation
Eicosanoids must be _____carbons long20
Sources of ALA (6)Chia kiwi flax hemp rape seed (AKA Canola) soybean
Main sources of ALAFlax, Kiwi Chia
DHA/EPA sources (4)Red algae Canola fatty fish krill
What is the scientific name of red algaeCrypthecodinium Cohnii
Fortified sources of omega 3 (4)*Milk* tofu eggs cereals
If the fortified source is ______ it is likely ALAdry
Types of omega 6 (4)linolenic acid arachidonic acid Adrenic Acid Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
Linolenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6))18:2 (N6)
Arachidonic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6))20:4 (N6)
Adrenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6))22:4 (N6)
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6))20:3 (Eicosanoid!!)
Omega 6 sources (6)whole grains/cereals Dairy Veg. oils Eggs Meats Nuts and seeds Think breakfast foods
Adequate intake: Linoleic and linolenic for females12 g/d 1.1 g/d
Adequate intake: Linoleic and linolenic for males17 g/d 1.6 g/d
Humans don't have proper enzymes to make omega 3 because we can't make bonds beyond the _______siteDelta 9
Omega-3 literally means the first double bond begins _____ away on the _____side3 omega
ideal Omega 6 to omega 3 ratio2:1
What omega fats are essential for brain formation during the last trimester - -> 2 yrs oldDHA ARA
DHA functions (6)Anti-inflammatory effects Cerebral blood flow Membrane fluidity decrease Oxidative stress Neurotransmission A CMON
_________ should be taken with omega 3, otherwise it will likely become deficientVitamin E
How long does it take for fats to be incorporated into the cell membrane?~1 month
How does an omega 3/6 get converted to an eicosanoid?O3/6- -> 20 carbon FA - -> Eicosanoid
What enzymes are used to convert omega 3/6 (fatty acids) to eicosanoids?COX LOX CYP Phospholipase
what does CYP stand for?Cytochrome p450
What are the subfamilies of eicosanoids? (3)Prostaglandins (PG) Leukotrienes (LT) Thromboxanes (TX)
What are all the types of Prostaglandins:PG- D, E, F, G, H, I
What are all the types of Leukotrienes?LT- A, B, C, D, E, F
What are all the types of Thromboxanes?TX A, B
TXB>2: what does the 2 mean?# of double bonds
What fish has the perfect ration of omega 3 to omega 6?Sea Bass
What are the subfamilies of docasanoids?resolvins Neuroprotectins
Omega 3 and 6 shared functions: (4)Create eicosanoids Alter gene expression PPAR (transcription factor)–for fat metabolism Structure (phospholipids)
Omega 6 eicosanoid functions (3)pro-inflammation vasoconstriction blood clotting
Omega 3 is an _________Antioxidant
Omega 3 eicosanoid functions: (3)decrease CVD issues (decrease blood clots, atherogenesis, BP...etc.) increase HDL, decrease TG (serum)
Being low in omega 3 can lead to: (7)Heart disease Arthritis Depression Memory loss Ulcerative colitis Cancer Hypertension HAD MUCH?